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Factores asociados a estancia hospitalaria prolongada en neonatos / Factors associated with prolonged hospital stay in infants
Mendoza T., Luis Alfonso; Arias G., Martha; Osorio R., Miguel Ángel.
  • Mendoza T., Luis Alfonso; Fundación Hospital San José de Buga. Unidad Central del Valle. Tuluá. CO
  • Arias G., Martha; Fundación Hospital San José de Buga. CO
  • Osorio R., Miguel Ángel; Universidad del Valle. Cali. CO
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 85(2): 164-173, abr. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-711576
RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Evaluar los factores que están presentes al ingreso del recién nacido a una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales y que están asociados a una estancia prolongada. Pacientes y

Método:

Estudio de casos y controles no pareado, con 555 neonatos, 111 con estancia superior a 7 días y 444 con estancia entre 1 y 7 días, hospitalizados entre los años 2005 y 2010. Se evaluaron factores maternos (edad, gravidez, seguridad social, educación, control prenatal, estado civil, antecedente de preeclampsia, ruptura prolongada de membranas, corioamnionitis, infecciones) y neonatales (edad al ingreso, edad gestacional, peso al nacer, sexo, vía de nacimiento, vía de ingreso, Apgar y tipo de reanimación) previos a la hospitalización que estuvieron asociados con estancias prolongadas. Los análisis se hicieron con STATA® 11.0, empleando la regresión logística en el análisis multivariado.

Resultados:

Factores maternos como control prenatal con menos de 5 visitas (ORa 2,7; IC 95 por ciento 1,3-5,5), carencia de seguridad social en salud (ORa 1,9; IC 95 por ciento 1,4-29), gravidez de 3 o más gestaciones (ORa 1,7; IC 95 por ciento 1,1-2,7) y neonatales como peso al nacer menor a 2.000 g (ORa 4,2; IC 95 por ciento 1,9-9,5), necesidad de reanimación cardiorespiratoria (ORa 4,2; IC 95 por ciento 2-9,1), edad gestacional menor a 36 semanas (ORa 3,9; IC 95 por ciento 2-7,7) e ingreso a la unidad neonatal por urgencia o remisión desde otro centro hospitalario (ORa 2,8; IC 95 por ciento 1,7-4,6), se hallaron asociados a estancia mayor a 7 días.

Conclusiones:

Las complicaciones intrahospitalarias que condicionan una estancia prolongada fueron seguridad social en salud, escolaridad materna y control prenatal, y deben ser consideradas en la evaluación de los indicadores de calidad de atención hospitalaria.
ABSTRACT

Objective:

To evaluate factors present on newborn admission to a neonatal intensive care and associated with a prolonged hospital stay. Patients and

Method:

Non-matched case-control study, with 555 infants, 111 with more than 7 days of hospital stay and 444 who stayed hospitalized between 1 and 7 days, between 2005 and 2010. Pre hospitalization maternal factors (age, pregnancy, health insurance, education, prenatal care, marital status, history of preeclampsia, prolonged rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis infection) and neonatal ones (age at admission, gestational age, birth weight, gender, delivery practice, route of admission, Apgar and type of resuscitation) that were associated with prolonged hospital stay were analyzed. Analyses were conducted using STATA 11.0 and logistic regression in the multivariate analysis.

Results:

Maternal factors such as prenatal care with less than 5 doctor visits (AOR 2.7, 95 percent CI 1.3-5.5), lack of social health insurance (AOR 1.9, 95 percent CI 1.4-29), pregnant three or more times (AOR 1.7, 95 percent CI 1.1-2.7), neonatal birth weight under 2,000 g (AOR 4.2, 95 percent CI 1.9-9.5), need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (AOR 4.2, 95 percent CI 2-9.1), gestational age less than 36 weeks (AOR 3.9, 95 percent CI 2-7.7) and admission to the neonatal unit through emergency room or referral from another hospital (AOR 2.8, 95 percent CI 1.7-4.6) were associated with hospital stays longer than 7 days.

Conclusions:

In-hospital complications that affect a prolonged stay at the health center were social health insurance, maternal education and prenatal care, and these should be considered in the evaluation of the hospital care quality indicators.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Risk Assessment / Length of Stay Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Infant, Newborn Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. pediatr Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Fundación Hospital San José de Buga/CO / Universidad del Valle/CO

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Risk Assessment / Length of Stay Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Infant, Newborn Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. pediatr Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Fundación Hospital San José de Buga/CO / Universidad del Valle/CO