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Prevalencia de bacterias Gram negativas portadoras del gen bla KPC en hospitales de Colombia / Prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria harboring bla KPC gene in Colombian hospitals
Pacheco, Robinson; Osorio, Lyda.
  • Pacheco, Robinson; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM. Cali. CO
  • Osorio, Lyda; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM. Cali. CO
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 34(supl.1): 81-90, abr. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-712424
RESUMEN
Introducción. Las enzimas carbapenemasas de tipo KPC tienen gran capacidad de diseminación, son causantes de epidemias y se asocian a mayor mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria. En Colombia se han venido reportando cada vez más desde 2007, pero se desconoce la prevalencia hospitalaria. Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia hospitalaria del gen bla KPC . Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó la presencia del gen bla KPC y su ´clonalidad´ en aislamientos de enterobacterias y Pseudomonas aeruginosa de pacientes hospitalizados. Resultados. De los 424 aislamientos evaluados durante el periodo de estudio, 273 cumplieron con criterios de elegibilidad, 31,1 % fue positivo para el gen bla KPC y, al ajustar por ´clonalidad´, la positividad fue de 12,8 %. El gen bla KPC se encontró con mayor frecuencia en Klebsiella pneumoniae seguido de P. aeruginosa y otras enterobacterias. A pesar de que la unidad de cuidados intensivos aportó el mayor número de aislamientos, no se encontró un patrón más prevalente del gen bla KPC en las ellas que en las otras salas. El aparato respiratorio fue el sitio anatómico de origen con la mayor prevalencia . No se presentó estacionalidad en la frecuencia de los aislamientos portadores del gen bla KPC. Conclusión. Este estudio reveló la alta prevalencia del gen bla KPC en diferentes microorganismos aislados en varias instituciones hospitalarias del país. La extraordinaria capacidad de propagación del gen bla KPC , las dificultades del diagnóstico y la limitada disponibilidad de antibióticos plantean la apremiante necesidad de fortalecer los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica y ajustar oportunamente las políticas institucionales de uso racional de antibióticos con el fin de contener su diseminación a otras instituciones de salud del país.
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

KPC enzymes are carbapenemases with a great capability to disseminate and to cause epidemics. They are frequently associated with higher mortality rates and prolonged hospital stay. In Colombia, they have been progressively reported since 2007; however, its prevalence in hospitals is not known.

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of bla KPC gene in hospitals. Methods and materials The presence of bla KPC gene and its clonality were evaluated in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriacea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalized patients.

Results:

Of the 424 isolates tested during the study period, 273 met eligibility criteria, and 31.1% were positive for bla KPC gene; after clonality adjustment, positivity was 12.8%. The bla KPC gene was more frequent in Klebsiella pneumonia, followed by P. aeruginosa and other Enterobacteriacea . Although intensive care units (ICU) provided the majority of the isolates, the bla KPC pattern was not more prevalent in ICUs than in other wards. The respiratory tract was the anatomic source with the highest prevalence. No seasonality was observed associated with the frequency of isolation of microorganisms carrying bla KPC gene.

Conclusion:

This study revealed a high prevalence of bla KPC gene in microorganisms isolated from different hospitals in Colombia. The extraordinary ability of bla KPC gene to spread, the difficulties for its diagnosis and the limited antibiotics available for its treatment pose the urgent need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance systems, and to timely adjust institutional policies for rational use of antibiotics in order to limit its dissemination to other institutions in the country.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Bacterial Proteins / Beta-Lactamases / Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Beta-Lactam Resistance / Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Gram-Negative Bacteria Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Child / Humans / Infant / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Colombia Language: Spanish Journal: Biomédica (Bogotá) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM/CO

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Bacterial Proteins / Beta-Lactamases / Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Beta-Lactam Resistance / Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Gram-Negative Bacteria Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Child / Humans / Infant / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Colombia Language: Spanish Journal: Biomédica (Bogotá) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM/CO