Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among Mexican-American adults in the United States and Mexico: a comparative study / Factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en adultos mexicano-estadunidenses en Estados Unidos y México: un estudio comparativo

ABSTRACT

Objective. To compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a cohort of Mexican health workers with representative samples of US-born and Mexico-born Mexican-Americans living in the US. Materials and methods. Data were obtained from the Mexican Health Worker Cohort Study (MHWCS) in Mexico and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) IV 1999-2006 in the US. Regression analyses were used to investigate CVD risk factors. Results. In adjusted analyses, NHANES participants were more likely than MHWCS participants to have hypertension, high total cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and abdominal obesity, and were less likely to have low HDL cholesterol and smoke. Less-educated men and women were more likely to have low HDL cholesterol, obesity, and abdominal obesity. Conclusions. In this binational study, men and women enrolled in the MHWCS appear to have fewer CVD risk factors than US-born and Mexico-born Mexican-American men and women living in the US.

RESUMEN

Objetivo. Comparar factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) en una cohorte de trabajadores en México, con muestras representativas de Mexicano-Estadunidenses nacidos en EU y en México. Material y métodos. Los datos se obtuvieron del Estudio de Cohorte de Trabajadores de la Salud (ECTS) en México y de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES) IV 1999-2006 en EU. Se realizaron análisis de regresión para determinar los factores de riesgo de ECV. Resultados. Los análisis ajustados muestran que los participantes del NHANES fueron más propensos a presentar hipertensión, colesterol total alto, diabetes, obesidad y obesidad abdominal, que los participantes del ECTS, y menos propensos a tener colesterol HDL bajo y a fumar. Los participantes con menor educación fueron más propensos a tener niveles bajos de colesterol HDL, obesidad, y obesidad abdominal. Conclusiones. En este estudio binacional, los participantes del ECTS tienen menos factores de riesgo de ECV que los Mexicano-Estadunidenses nacidos en EU y México que viven en Estados Unidos.