Tuberculosis in hospitalized patients: clinical characteristics of patients receiving treatment within the first 24 h after admission / Tuberculose em pacientes hospitalizados: características clínicas dos pacientes que iniciaram tratamento nas primeiras 24 h de permanência hospitalar

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients hospitalized for tuberculosis, comparing those in whom tuberculosis treatment was started within the first 24 h after admission with those who did not. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving new tuberculosis cases in patients aged ≥ 18 years who were hospitalized after seeking treatment in the emergency room. Results: We included 305 hospitalized patients, of whom 67 (22.0%) received tuberculosis treatment within the first 24 h after admission ( ≤24h group) and 238 (88.0%) did not (>24h group). Initiation of tuberculosis treatment within the first 24 h after admission was associated with being female (OR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.06-3.74; p = 0.032) and with an AFB-positive spontaneous sputum smear (OR = 4.19; 95% CI 1.94-9.00; p < 0.001). In the ≤24h and >24h groups, respectively, the ICU admission rate was 22.4% and 15.5% (p = 0.258); mechanical ventilation was used in 22.4% and 13.9% (p = 0.133); in-hospital mortality was 22.4% and 14.7% (p = 0.189); and a cure was achieved in 44.8% and 52.5% (p = 0.326). Conclusions: Although tuberculosis treatment was initiated promptly in a considerable proportion of the inpatients evaluated, the rates of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation use remained high. Strategies for the control of tuberculosis in primary care should consider that patients who seek medical attention at hospitals arrive too late and with advanced disease. It is therefore necessary to implement active surveillance measures in the community for earlier diagnosis and treatment. .

RESUMO

Objetivo: Comparar as características clínicas e os desfechos de pacientes hospitalizados por tuberculose que iniciaram tratamento nas primeiras 24 h de permanência hospitalar com as daqueles que iniciaram tratamento após 24 h. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo de casos novos de tuberculose com idade ≥ 18 anos que necessitaram internação hospitalar após atendimento no setor de emergência. Resultados: Foram incluídos 305 pacientes hospitalizados, dos quais 67 (22,0%) iniciaram o tratamento nas primeiras 24 h (grupo ≤24h), e 238 (88,0%) o iniciaram após (grupo >24h). Ser do sexo feminino (OR = 1,99; IC95% 1,06-3,74; p = 0,032) e ter pesquisa de BAAR positiva no escarro espontâneo (OR = 4,19; IC95% 1,94-9,00; p < 0,001) se associaram com o tratamento nas primeiras 24 h. Na comparação dos grupos ≤24h e >24h, a taxa de internação em UTI foi de, respectivamente, 22,4% e 15,5% (p = 0,258), enquanto a ventilação mecânica foi utilizada em 22,4% e 13,9% (p = 0,133), a taxa de óbito hospitalar foi de 22,4% e 14,7% (p = 0,189), e a taxa de cura foi de 44,8% e 52,5% (p = 0,326). Conclusões: Embora o tratamento antituberculose tenha sido iniciado rapidamente em uma proporção considerável dos pacientes hospitalizados, as taxas de mortalidade hospitalar, internação em UTI e uso de ventilação mecânica permaneceram elevadas. Estratégias para o controle de tuberculose na atenção primária devem considerar que pacientes atendidos em hospitais chegam muito tardiamente e com doença avançada, sendo necessário implementar medidas de busca ativa na comunidade para o diagnóstico e o tratamento mais precoce. .