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Factores predictores de mortalidad por trauma craneoencefálico grave / Mortality Predictive Factors in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Cruz Portelles, Alain; Marrero Reyes, Yanelis; Fernández Chelala, Bernardo E; Terrero de la Cruz, Jorge; Batista Ojeda, Idaer; Miranda González, Isabel M.
  • Cruz Portelles, Alain; Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Holguín. CU
  • Marrero Reyes, Yanelis; Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Holguín. CU
  • Fernández Chelala, Bernardo E; Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Holguín. CU
  • Terrero de la Cruz, Jorge; Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Holguín. CU
  • Batista Ojeda, Idaer; Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Holguín. CU
  • Miranda González, Isabel M; Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Holguín. CU
CCH, Correo cient. Holguín ; 18(3): 415-429, jul.-set. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-723700
RESUMEN

Introducción:

conocer el pronóstico de los pacientes graves es una de las piedras angulares de la medicina clínica moderna.

Objetivos:

determinar los predictores de mortalidad a los 28 días por trauma craneoencefálico grave (Glasgow ≤8) en pacientes ingresados en Terapia Intensiva del Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin.

Métodos:

se realizó un estudio de casos y controles (11) pareados con la edad, el Injury Severity Score y la necesidad de neurocirugía. Las variables discretas se compararon con Chi cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher según correspondió y las continuas con T-Student para α=0,05. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística binaria que incluyeron las variables con diferencias estadísticas para determinar las variables predictoras de mortalidad que se ajuste a Hosmer-Lemeshow.

Resultados:

de 253 pacientes incluidos, el 84,6 % eran hombres. Los fallecidos presentaron mayor edad (48,5±19,3 vs. 55,9±18,7 años, p=0,002), mayor APACHE II [31±20,1 vs. 23±12,1, p<0,001), menor presión arterial media (84,2±12,5 vs 65,3±10,4, p<0,001), menor Glasgow al ingreso y al tercer día (p<0,001) y más frecuentemente hemorragia subaracnoidea (24,6% vs. 37%, p=0,04). El análisis multivariado mostró que las peores lesiones cerebrales (Marshall V-VI) (OR= 2,14, IC 1,28-3,57, p<0,001), una o ambas pupilas arreactivas (OR=5,46, IC2,99-9,95, p=0,004), los mayores de 45 años (OR=1,92, IC1,01-4,12, p=0,049), y la presencia de hematoma subdural (OR=3,25, IC1,18-9,00, p=0,023), fueron los predictores de mortalidad.

Conclusiones:

los grados V-VI de Marshall, las alteraciones pupilares, los mayores de 45 años y la presencia de hematoma subdural constituyeron predictores de mortalidad entre los pacientes estudiados.
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

to know the prognosis of patients with some disease is one of the bases of the current clinical medicine.

Objectives:

to determine the main predictor of mortality at 28 days after severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow ≤8) patients admitted at intensive care of V. I. Lenin Hospital.

Methods:

a case-control (11) study pared by age, Injury Severity Score, and the need of neurosurgery was performed. Discrete variables were compared using Chi squared test or Fisher exact test as needed and continuous one were compare with T-Student for α=0.05. A binary logistic regression model was established including statistically different variables to determine predictors of mortality according with Hosmer-Lemeshow.

Results:

of 253 included patients in the study, 84.6 % were males. Mortality was higher among older patients (48.5±19.3 vs. 55.9±18.7 years, p=0.002), >45 year-old (p=0.026), and higher APACHE II score (31±20.1 vs. 23±12.1, p<0.001); Glasgow coma scale on admission and at third day (p<0.001), and mean blood pressure were lower (65.3±10.4 vs. 84.2±12.5, p<0.001). Subarachnoid hemorrhage (24.6% vs. 37%, p=0.04) was associated with mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that a Marshall tomographic score of V-VI (OR=2.14, IC1.28-3.57, p=0,001), one or both pupils unreactive (OR=5.46, IC 2.99-9.95), >45 years (OR=1.92, IC1.01-4.12), and subdural hematoma (OR=3.25, IC1.18-9.00, p=0,023) were predictors of mortality.

Conclusions:

tomographic grade V-VI of Marshall, pupillary alterations, age >45 years, and the presence of subdural hematoma were predictors of mortality among the patients included in this research.

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Language: Spanish Journal: CCH, Correo cient. Holguín Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin/CU

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Language: Spanish Journal: CCH, Correo cient. Holguín Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin/CU