Consumo e motivos para o não consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras por adolescentes e adultos residentes em mesmo domicílio / Consumption and reasons for non-consumption of fruits and vegetables by adolescents and adults living in the same household

RESUMO

Objetivo: Avaliar a associa��o do consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras entre adolescentes e adultos residentes em mesmo domic�lio e identificar o principal motivo para o n�o consumo destes alimentos, segundo indicadores socioecon�micos. M�todos Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostra probabil�stica de 520 adolescentes e adultos residentes em �rea metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Utilizaram-se os testes Quiquadrado e Exato de Fisher para avaliar as associa��es entre as vari�veis. Resultados: A propor��o de adolescentes que consumiam frutas, ao menos 5 vezes na semana, foi maior (p< 0,01) entre aqueles que residiam com adultos que consumiam estes alimentos na mesma frequ�ncia (77%) do que entre aqueles que residiam com adultos que n�o tinham esta pr�tica (64,0%). Para legumes e verduras, estas propor��es foram 64,1% e 41,4%, respectivamente. Entre os adultos, a aus�ncia de inseguran�a alimentar, maior grau de escolaridade, maior renda per capta e estar inserido em maior classe social associaram-se ao maior consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras. Entre os adolescentes, observou-se associa��o entre a aus�ncia de inseguran�a alimentar e maior consumo de frutas. Os principais motivos para o n�o consumo destes alimentos entre os adultos variaram de acordo com os indicadores socioecon�micos e n�o se verificou associa��o entre os motivos para o n�o consumo destes alimentos entre adolescentes e adultos. Conclus�es O n�vel socioecon�mico associou-se ao consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras e aos motivos de n�o consumo entre os adultos. O consumo destes alimentos pelos adultos pode influenciar a mesma pr�tica entre os adolescentes residentes em mesmo domic�lio.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the association of fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents and adults living in the same household and identify the main reason for not consuming these foods, according to socioeconomic indicators. Methods: It was a cross-sectional population-based probability sample of 520 adolescents and adults living in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We used the chi-square and Fisher exact tests to assess associations between variables. Results: The proportion of adolescents who consumed fruit at least 5 times a week was higher (p <0.01) among those living with adults who consume these foods with the same frequency (77%) than among those living with adults who do not have this practice (64.0%). For vegetables, these proportions were 64.1% and 41.4%, respectively. Among adults, lack of food insecurity, higher educational level, higher per capita income, and belonging to a higher social class were factors associated with greater consumption of fruits and vegetables. Among adolescents, there was association between lack of food insecurity and increased consumption of fruits. The main reasons for non-consumption of these foods among adults varied according to socioeconomic indicators, and there was no association between the reasons for non-consumption of fruits and vegetables among adolescents and adults. Conclusions: Socioeconomic status was associated with the consumption and the reasons for non-consumption of fruits and vegetables among adults. The intake of these foods by adults can influence this practice among adolescents living in the same household.