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Factores de riesgo para preeclampsia / Risk factors for preeclampsia
Valdés Yong, Magel; Hernández Núñez, Jónathan.
  • Valdés Yong, Magel; Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto. La Habana. CU
  • Hernández Núñez, Jónathan; Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto. La Habana. CU
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 43(3): 307-316, jul.-set. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-731003
RESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: la preeclampsia trae consigo múltiples complicaciones que incrementan la morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal. OBJETIVO: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la preeclampsia. MÉTODOS: estudio de casos y controles en el Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2013. Se conformó la muestra con 128 pacientes, divididos en dos grupos; 64 con preeclampsia en el grupo estudio y 64 sanas en el grupo control escogidas al azar. Se recogieron los datos mediante una encuesta y la revisión de la historia clínica para analizar la edad materna, estado nutricional, ganancia de peso, afecciones propias del embarazo, antecedentes obstétricos, paridad y antecedentes familiares . Se emplearon los estadígrafos, media, desviación estándar, porcentaje, prueba t de Student, prueba de independencia chi cuadrado y Odds Ratio. RESULTADOS: los factores que influyeron en la preeclampsia fueron la edad materna de 35 años o más (OR= 4,27), el sobrepeso materno al inicio de la gestación (OR= 2,61), la nuliparidad (OR= 3,35) y el antecedente familiar de madre con preeclampsia (OR= 7,35) o hermana (OR= 5,59); no así las afecciones propias de la gestación, la ganancia global de peso, ni los antecedentes obstétricos desfavorables. CONCLUSIONES: la mayoría de los factores de riesgo para preeclampsia no son modificables, por lo que se requiere una esmerada atención prenatal que garantice el diagnóstico precoz y el manejo oportuno de esta entidad.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: preeclampsia brings multiple complications that increase maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE: to identify risk factors for preeclampsia in pregnant women. METHODS: a case-control study was conducted in "Dr Luis Diaz Soto" military hospital from January 2012 to December 2013. The sample was made up of 128 patients divided into two groups, that is, 64 preeclampsia cases in the study group and 64 healthy women randomly selected for the control group. Data were collected by survey and clinical history review in order to analyze maternal age, nutritional status, global weight gain, pregnancy-related disorders, obstetrics history, parity, and family histories. For the statistical analysis, the statistic, the mean, the standard deviation, the percentages, Student's t test, independent Chi square test and the odds ratio were all used. RESULTS: significant risk factors for preeclampsia were maternal age of 35 years old or more (OR= 4.27), maternal overweight at the beginning of gestation (OR= 2.61), nulliparity (OR= 3.35) and family history of mother (OR= 7.35) or sister with preeclampsia (OR= 5.59). Gestational disorders, global weight gain and unfavorable obstetrical history were not significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: most of the risk factors for preeclampsia were not modifiable, so a very good prenatal care is required to assure the early diagnosis and timely management of this problem.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pre-Eclampsia / Medical Records / Risk Factors Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Female / Humans / Pregnancy Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. med. mil Journal subject: History of Medicine / Military Medicine Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto/CU

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pre-Eclampsia / Medical Records / Risk Factors Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Female / Humans / Pregnancy Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. med. mil Journal subject: History of Medicine / Military Medicine Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto/CU