Preservación articular post-artroscopía de cadera a 5 años mínimo de seguimiento / Joint preservation treated with hip arthroscopy. Minimum follow-up of 5 years

RESUMEN

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los resultados clinicos y la tasa de preservacion articular en pacientes a los que se le realizo una artroscopia de cadera por sindrome de friccion femoroacetabular (SFFA) con seguimiento minimo 5 anos. Se analizaron los factores predictivos de requerimiento para un reemplazo total de cadera (RTC). Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 42 pacientes consecutivos (15 mujeres, 27 hombres, edad promedio 38 anos) con SFFA. A todos se les realizo una artroscopia de cadera para estabilizar el dano articular (lesiones labrales y/o condrolabrales) y correccion de deformidades oseas asociadas (CAM y/o PINCER). Se realizo un seguimiento clinico. Ningun paciente fue perdido en el seguimiento. Se analizaron los factores predictivos de probabilidad de RTC. Resultados: A un seguimiento minimo de 5 anos la tasa de preservacion articular fue del 88,1 % (IC95 % 74,54 %-95,27 %). La probabilidad de evolucionar a una RTC en pacientes con escala radiografica Tonnis preoperatoria 0 y I fue del 0% (IC95 % 0%-14,76 %). La probabilidad de evolucionar a una RTC en pacientes con estadios Tonnis II y III fue del 33,3 % (IC95 %, 14,96 %-58,5 %). La diferencia entre ambos grupos fue significativa p= 0.003. La edad mayor o igual a 45 anos al momento de la artroscopia resulto ser un factor de riesgo significativo para evolucionar a una RTC (p=0.005). Conclusión: El tratamiento artroscopico del SFFA presenta resultados favorables a 5 anos en terminos de preservacion articular. Pacientes con artrosis preoperatoria avanzada y mayores de 45 anos tienen mayor riesgo de requerir una artroplastia de cadera en dicho lapso. Nivel de evidencia IV. Tipo de estudio Serie de casos...

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Purpose of this work is to evaluate the clinical results and the rate of joint preservation in a series of patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) treated with hip arthroscopy at a minimum follow up of 5 years. The predictive factors for total hip arthroplasty (THA) requirement were analyzed. Material and methods: Between February 2008 and February 2009, 42 consecutive patients treated with a hip arthroscopy due to FAI syndrome were included. There were 15 women and 27 men with an average age of 38 years (range 23 to 56 years). The surgery involved joint damage stabilization (labral tears and/or condrolabral injuries) and correction of associated bony deformities (CAM and/or PINCER lesions). A prospective clinical follow up was made with no patient lost. We specifically addressed the need for THA. Predictive factors for THA were also analyzed. Results: At a minimum follow up of 5 years the rate joint preservation was 88.1% (CI95% 74,54%-95,27%). The probability of evolving to a THA in patients with radiographic preoperative Tonnis grades 0 and I was of 0% (CI95% 0%-14,76%). The probability of evolving to a THA in patients with preoperative Tonnis grades II and III was 33, 3% (CI95%14.96%-58.5%). Statistical significant difference was present between both groups (p= 0.003). Patients with an age of 45 years or more at the time of hip arthroscopy were at significant risk to evolve to THA (p=0.005). Conclusions: Hip arthroscopy for the treatment of patients with FAI syndrome presents favorable results regarding joint preservation at a minimum follow up of 5 years. Patients with advanced preoperative radiographic signs of osteoarthritis and those older than 45 years at the time of surgery have greater risk for requiring THA. Level of evidence IV. Type of study Case Series...