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Sindrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes: qué hay de nuevo? / Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: what is new?
Macías de Tomei, Coromoto.
  • Macías de Tomei, Coromoto; Fundación Bengoa. Grupo de transición Alimentaria y Nutricional. Caracas. VE
An. venez. nutr ; 27(1): 96-100, jun. 2014. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-748423
RESUMEN
El Síndrome Metabólico (SM) comprende alteraciones antropométricas, clínicas y metabólicas predisponentes del desarrollo de diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares; resulta de la interacción de factores genéticos y ambientales mediados por regulación epigenética; algunos loci pueden tener mayor efecto en los fenotipos metabólicos modificados por la dieta u otros factores ambientales. Una vez caracterizados los componentes del SM, diversos estudios se enfocan en identificar los mejores predictores de riesgo cardio-metabólico en adultos obesidad central (CCi) y resistencia a la insulina (RI). La obesidad gestacional y RI en tejidos fetales se asocian a riesgo alto de SM en niños y adolescentes. En adultos jóvenes mayor prevalencia de HTA y RI en nacidos pretérmino (peso al nacer < 1500 g) vs nacidos a término, sin diferencias significativas en perfil lipídico entre ambos. Estudios recientes reportan asociación entre suministro bajo de ácidos grasos ώ-3 y elevado de ώ-6 en < 2 años con características posteriores del SM dislipidemia, RI e hiperfagia. Adolescentes obesos no diabéticos con SM tenían menores habilidades aritméticas, de deletreo, atención y flexibilidad mental y más probabilidades de desempeño inadecuado en las evaluaciones cognitivas que sus pares saludables. Se encontraron reducciones de la integridad microestructural en la materia blanca y menores volúmenes del hipocampo, capaces de ocasionar complicaciones cerebrales a corto plazo. Se ha descrito adelanto fisiológico de indicadores de maduración sexual y ósea (MO) en obesos, pero se carece de información en SM; el análisis individual en obesos de 9-16 años con SM evidenció alto porcentaje de MO adelantada(AU)
ABSTRACT
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) includes anthropometric, clinic and metabolic changes that predispose to the development of diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. MS results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors mediated by epigenetic regulation; some loci have greater effect on metabolic phenotypes modified by diet and other environmental factors. Once MS components are characterized, several studies focus on the best predictors to identify cardiometabolic risk in adults Waist circumference (WC) and insulin resistance (IR). Obesity during pregnancy and IR in fetal tissues is associated to high risk of MS in children and adolescents. In young adults there is a higher prevalence of high blood pressure and IR in children born preterm (weight < 1500 g) vs. children born at term, without significant differences in lipidic profile between both groups. Recent studies have proposed the association between low intake of ώ-3 and high intake of ώ-6 fatty acids in infants with latter appearance of MS characteristics dyslipidemia, IR and hyperphagia. Non-diabetic obese adolescents with MS were found to have lower arithmetic skills, spelling and mental flexibility and inappropriate performance in cognitive evaluations when compared with their healthy peers. Decreased microstructural integrity of the white matter and smaller hippocampus volume that may cause cerebral complications at short time was found. Early physiological puberty and skeletal development have been described in obesity, but no information is available in obese patients with MS. In obese 9-16 years old, we found high percentage of advanced bone age in those with MS criteria(AU)
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Cardiovascular Diseases / Metabolic Syndrome / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Pediatric Obesity / Hyperlipidemias Type of study: Evaluation studies / Health technology assessment / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: An. venez. nutr Journal subject: Biologia / Nutritional Sciences / Dieta / Humanos Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Venezuela Institution/Affiliation country: Fundación Bengoa/VE

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Cardiovascular Diseases / Metabolic Syndrome / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Pediatric Obesity / Hyperlipidemias Type of study: Evaluation studies / Health technology assessment / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: An. venez. nutr Journal subject: Biologia / Nutritional Sciences / Dieta / Humanos Year: 2014 Type: Article Affiliation country: Venezuela Institution/Affiliation country: Fundación Bengoa/VE