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Balanço hídrico, injúria renal aguda e mortalidade de pacientes em unidade de terapia intensiva / Fluid balance, acute kidney injury and mortality of intensive care unit patients
São Paulo; s.n; 2014. [80] p. ilus, graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-748487
RESUMO
Injúria renal aguda (IRA) é doença de elevada incidência, associada a altas taxas de morbimortalidade. Sepse, pós-operatório de grandes cirurgias e baixo débito cardíaco são as principais causas de IRA em todo o mundo. Na maioria destas situações, expansão volêmica é parte do manejo preventivo e terapêutico da IRA. Contudo, a manutenção de uma estratégia de infusão liberal de fluidos pode causar balanço hídrico positivo (BH+), que tem sido associado a desfechos desfavoráveis em pacientes criticamente enfermos. BH+ frequentemente ocorre nestes pacientes que recebem grandes infusões de volume, mesmo que apresentem volume urinário considerado satisfatório ou acima de 0,5ml/kg/h. Nesta situação, se não houver elevação da creatinina sérica, não será feito o diagnóstico de IRA pelos critérios do Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO), ainda que haja claro déficit na eliminação da sobrecarga hidrossalina. Este estudo observacional prospectivo, com controle pareado por dias de exposição ao BH+ avaliou a associação entre BH+ e diagnóstico subsequente de IRA (pelos critérios do KDIGO) e mortalidade em 233 pacientes admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) geral. Observamos por análise de regressão logística que cada 100 ml de aumento no BH se associou a elevação de 4% na chance de desenvolver IRA (OR 1,04; IC 95% 1,01 a 1,08). Comparado ao primeiro quartil de BH médio, o quarto quartil de BH médio (BH > +1793 ml/dia) se associou a chance 3,12 vezes maior de desenvolver IRA (OR 3,12; IC 95% 1,13 a 8,65). Comparado ao BH de zero até +1500 ml/dia, o BH médio > +1500 ml/dia se associou a chance 3,4 vezes maior de desenvolver IRA, (OR 3,4; IC 95% 1,56 a 7,48). Um modelo de efeito fixo mostrou que BH+ estava presente pelo menos seis dias antes do diagnóstico de IRA pelos critérios do KDIGO. Para avaliar o desfecho óbito, consideramos o BH durante toda internação na UTI. Observamos que cada 100 ml de aumento no BH se associou...
ABSTRACT
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease with high incidence, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Sepsis, major surgery and low cardiac output are the main causes of AKI worldwide. In the majority of these situations, volume expansion is part of both prevention and therapeutic management of AKI. However, maintaining liberal fluid infusion strategy can cause fluid overload and it is associated to poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Positive fluids balance (FB) frequently occurs in these patients receiving high volume infusion, even if the urinary output is adequate (above 0.5ml/kg/h). In this situation, if there is no serum creatinine (SCr) increase, AKI will not be diagnosed by current Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria, even with a clear kidney inability to eliminate the body excess of fluid. This prospective, paired control, cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between positive FB and subsequent development of AKI by KDIGO criteria and mortality in 233 critically ill adults. By multiple logistic regression, we showed that each 100 ml increase in FB was independently associated to a 4% increase in the chances for developing subsequent AKI (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08). When compared to the first quartile, the fourth FB quartile (FB > +1793ml/day) was associated with a 3.12 times greater chance of developing AKI (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.13 to 8.65). Compared to FB zero to 1,500ml/24h, the mean FB above +1,500 ml/24h was associated with an OR of 3.4 for AKI (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.56 to 7.48). A mixed effect model demonstrated that a positive FB predicted AKI development defined by KDIGO criteria within 6 days. To assess the outcome mortality, we evaluated the mean FB during the whole ICU hospitalization. Each 100 ml increase in FB was associated to a 7% increase in the chances for death (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.12). Compared to the first quartile, patients in the fourth FB quartile (FB > +1652 ml/day)...
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Hydrologic Balance / Mortality / Renal Insufficiency / Acute Kidney Injury / Intensive Care Units Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Humans / Male Language: Portuguese Year: 2014 Type: Thesis

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Hydrologic Balance / Mortality / Renal Insufficiency / Acute Kidney Injury / Intensive Care Units Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Humans / Male Language: Portuguese Year: 2014 Type: Thesis