Densidad vascular disminuida en la pared de la aorta: Característica morfológica y funcional de la aterosclerosis / Diminished vascular density in the aortic wall: Morphological and functional characteristics of atherosclerosis

RESUMEN

Antecedente Por distribución irregular de aterosclerosis en paredes arteriales se buscó desproporción entre grosor de la pared vascular y vasa vasorum en ocho fragmentos de aorta humana. Método: Se midió longitud y grosor de pared y de sus capas y se contó vasa vasorum, se calculó densidad vascular como número de vasos por milímetro cuadrado en áreas sanas y enfermas, valor medio, varianza, desviación estándar e intervalo de confianza para valores y para hipótesis nula, se analizaron varianzas y se aplicó prueba "t" comparativa y pareada. Resultado: Hay diferencias de grosor entre íntima sana (27 micras) y enferma (120.5 micras), P < 0.001; y entre media sana (125.2 micras) y enferma (102.3 micras), P < 0.001. La densidad vascular es mayor en fragmentos sanos (media ± IC 99% = 4.4 ± 1.4 vs 2.2 ± 0.8, P < 0.001 para Ha; 0 ± 1.0775 para Ho; "t" pareada 2.1 ± 1.1, P < 0.01). Mayor ante íntima sana (31.6 vs 5.1, P < 0.01). No varía ante capa media. La relación entre número de vasos y longitud del segmento vascular es mayor en el fragmento sano (media ± IC 95% = 4.9 ± 1.02 vs 3.5 ± 0.68, diferencia 1.4, P < 0.05). Conclusión: La densidad vascular es menor en la pared de aorta aterosclerosa que en aorta sana lo que pudiera iniciar el proceso patógeno.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To determine disproportion in thicknesses of the vascular wall and vasa vasorum in eight fragments of human aorta because of the irregular distribution of atherosclerosis in arterial walls. Method: The length and thickness of the wall and its layers were measured and the vasa vasorum were conted. Vascular density, considered as the number of vessels per square millimeter in healthy and diseased areas, was calculated along with mean value, variance, standard deviation and the confidence interval for values and null hypotesis. Variances were analyzed, and the comparative and paired "t" test was applied. Results: There were differences in thicknesses of the healthy (27m) and diseased (120.5m) intima (p < 0.001) and between the healthy (125.2m) and diseased (102.3m) media (P < 0.001). Vascular density was higher in healthy fragments (mean ± CI 99% = 4.40 ± 1.4 vs 2.20 ± 0.8, = < 0.001 for Ha; 0 ± 1.0775 for Ho; paired "t" 2.1 ± 1.1, P < 0.01), and higher compared to the healthy intima area (31.6 vs 5.1, P < 0.01). There were no differences compared to the media layer area. The relation between the number of vessels and the length of the vascular segments was greater in the healthy fragments (mean ± CI 95% = 4.9 ± 1.02 vs 3.5 ± 0.68; 1.4 difference, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Vascular density is lower in the atherosclerotic aortic wall than in the healthy aorta and this could initiate the pathologic process.