Factores de riesgo para sobrepeso y obesidad en lactantes / Risk factors for overweight and obesity in infants

ABSTRACT

Introduction: At one year of age, factors that favor the development of obesity and other metabolic disorders in later stages of life are present. Objective: To identify perinatal, societal, and dietary risk factors for excess weight and obesity in 12 months infants. Subjects and methods: Case-control studies with infants under the care of Family Medicine Units. These cases studied were overweight or obese children, and control cases were children at a healthy weight. Each group included 152 infants, who were evaluated based on their responses to a questionnaire, their records, and perinatal, societal, and dietary variables. Results: The variables with statistical significance were high pre-gestational weight, high gestational weight gain (OR 1.79-3.88), absence of breastfeeding and exclusive formula feeding (OR 2.02 and 1.75). Conclusion: In the presence of pre-pregnancy obesity and exclusive formula feeding, there is a 64.4% greater risk of becoming overweight or obese at 12 months old.

RESUMEN

Introducción: Al año de vida existen factores que favorecen el desarrollo de obesidad y alteraciones metabólicas en etapas posteriores. Objetivo: Identificar factores de riesgo perinatales, sociales y alimentarios de sobrepeso y obesidad en lactantes de 12 meses de edad. Sujetos y método: Estudio de casos y controles en lactantes, que acuden a Unidades de Medicina Familiar, considerando casos; niños con sobrepeso u obesidad y controles peso adecuado. Se incluyeron 152 lactantes por grupo, a los cuales se les estudió mediante un cuestionario y revisión de expedientes, variables perinatales, sociales y alimentarias. Resultados: Las variables con significancia estadística fueron peso pre-gestacional de la madre elevado, incremento de peso gestacional elevado; OR 1,79 y 3,88 ausencia de lactancia materna y alimentación con fórmula láctea exclusiva, OR 2,02 y 1,75. Conclusión: en presencia de obesidad pregestacional y alimentación con formula láctea exclusiva, existe un riesgo 64,38% mayor de desarrollar sobrepeso u obesidad a los 12 meses de edad.