Factores individuales y familiares asociados con sintomatología depresiva en adolescentes de escuelas públicas de México / Individual and family factors associated with depressive symptomatology in adolescents from public schools of Mexico

RESUMEN

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva y explorar su asociación con factores individuales y familiares en estudiantes de escuelas públicas de nivel medio superior en México. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal con muestra representativa de 9 982 estudiantes de 14 a 19 años. Se estimaron modelos de regresión logística para obtener razones de momios (RM), con intervalos de confianza a 95% (IC95%). Resultados. El 27% de los estudiantes presentó sintomatología depresiva; la proporción fue mayor en mujeres (34%) que en hombres (18%). Factores asociados sexo femenino (RM=2.25 IC95% 1.86-2.71); baja autoestima (RM=2.77 IC95% 2.41-3.19); consumo de alcohol (RM=1.72 IC95% 1.46-2.02); consumo de tabaco (RM= 1.57 IC95% 1.31 -1.88); consumo de drogas (RM= 1.63 IC95% 1.29-2.05); violencia intrafamiliar (RM=2.05 IC95% 1.77-2.39); baja comunicación padres e hijos (RM= 1.78 IC95% 1.59-2.00). Conclusiones. La sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes de nivel medio superior es un problema de salud pública en México. Se requiere la implementación de programas de intervención enfocados en el manejo de factores de riesgo asociados.

ABSTRACT

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) and to explore associated individual and family factors in high-school students from public schools of México. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 9 982 students aged between 14 and 19 years. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI95%). Results. 27% of students presented DS, with higher proportion among women (34%) than among men (18%). Factors associated with DS were being female (OR=2.25 CI95% 1.86-2.71); low self-esteem (OR=2.77 CI95% 2.41 -3.19); consuming alcohol (OR= 1.72 CI95% 1.46-2.02), consuming tobacco (OR= 1.57 CI95% 1.31-1.88), consuming illegal drugs (OR=1.63 CI95% 1.29-2.05), domestic violence (OR=2.05 CI95% 1.77-2.39), and low communication between parents and their children (OR=1.78 CI95% 1.59-2.00). Conclusions. Depressive symptomatology among high-school students in México is a public health issue.There is a need for intervention programs aimed at tackling the associated risk factors.