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Infecção respiratória aguda grave no paciente HIV positivo: aspectosclínicos e epidemiológicos / Severe acute respiratory infection in the HIV positive patient: clinical and epidemiological aspects
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. 126 p. graf, ilus, tab, mapas.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-762501
RESUMO
A pneumonia é a terceira causa de morte global e a principal causa de morte nos pacientes HIV positivos. Com o advento de técnicas moleculares, a pneumonia viral tem sido identificado em até um terço dos casos. A OMS vem promovendo a vigilância em Infecção Respiratória Aguda Grave/Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI), definida por febre, e tosse, e início de sintomas há menos de dez dias e hospitalização. Por sua vez, o MS promove a vigilância de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG), cuja definição passa pelo pré-requisito da Síndrome Gripal (SG). A SG é definida por início súbito de sintomas: tosse ou odinofagia e cefaléia ou mialgia ou artralgia. No intuito de explorar os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da infecção respiratória, foi realizado um estudo prospectivo no INI-IPEC. Para cada paciente HIV positivo internado com tosse e febre há menos de 30 dias, foram pesquidos germes habituais, fungos e Mycobacterium spp em hemocultura, Mycobacteirum spp em escarro, Streptococcus pneumoniae e Legionella pneumophila sorotipo-1 em urina e vírus respiratórios pela técnica rt-PCR em swab nasofaríngeo. As características clínicas foram extraídas do prontuário até o desfecho do estudo, alta ou óbito. Do total de 49 pacientes incluídos, a mediana de idade foi de 38 anos e a maioria encontrava-se em fase avançada de imunodepressão pelo HIV, apesar de 78% já terem sido expostos à TARVc. A mediana de início de sintomas foi de dez dias, 73% apresentavam Raio-X de tórax com infiltrado multilobar, 80% pontuaram zero ou one no escore de gravidade CRB65, 67% necessitaram de oxigenioterapia e/ou de VNI nas primeiras 72 horas de admissão, 31% evoluíram para VM e o óbito ocorreu em 18.3%...
ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is the third global cause of death and among the HIV population is the leading one. Introduction of PCR technique enables viral detection in up to one third of the cases. WHO points at the need to strenghten Severe Acute Respiratory Infection surveillance, which has recently been redefined as: fever, and cough, and ten days of onset of symptons and need for hospitalization. On the other hand, brazilian Ministry of Health (MH) promotes surveillance on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which primaraly involves the need to fill influenza-like illness case definition known as: ―suddenly onset‖ of fever and cough or odinophagia and one of the following symptons headache or myalgia or arthralgia. In order to explore the clinical and epidemiological aspects of respiratory infection in the HIV population, a prospective observational study was conducted at INI-IPEC. For each HIV positive patient hospitalized with fever and cough and up to 30 days of symptons onset, blood cultures were taken to explore bacterial, fungus and Mycobateria spp infection, sputum for Mycobacterium spp, urine for Streptococcus pneumonia and Legionella pneumophila-1 antigen detection and nasopharyngeal swabs for a panel of virus detection through rt-PCR. Clinical data were extracted from chart through a standardized questionnaire until death or hospital discharge. Among the 49 patients included, the median age was 38 years old and the majority of them presented at HIV associated late-stage disease, despite 78% being HAART exposed. The median time of symptons onset and hospital entry were ten days, 73% of them exhibited a multilobar X-Ray infiltrate and 80% scored zero or one point at CRB65 score. Despite the low scoring, 67% needed non-invasive ventilation support and/or oxygen therapy in the first 72 hours of admission, 31% underwent mechanical ventilation (MV) and overall mortality found were 18.3%...
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Orthomyxoviridae / Respiratory Tract Infections / Tuberculosis / HIV / AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Type of study: Evaluation studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: Portuguese Year: 2014 Type: Thesis

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Orthomyxoviridae / Respiratory Tract Infections / Tuberculosis / HIV / AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Type of study: Evaluation studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: Portuguese Year: 2014 Type: Thesis