Pesquisas genéticas, prognósticos morais e discriminação genética: um estudo de caso sobre traço falciforme / Genetic research, moral prognostic and genetic discrimination: a case study on sickle cell trait

RESUMO

ResumoO estudo analisou os debates, no período de 2000 a 2010, no Conselho Nacional de Saúde (CNS) e na Comissão Intersetorial de Vigilância Sanitária e Farmacoepidemiologia (CIVSF), sobre os temas da vigilância sanitária e articulação com o Conselho Consultivo da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). A pesquisa documental, de natureza qualitativa, que analisou 163 atas de reuniões do CNS e da CIVSF, e demais documentos a elas relacionados, buscou reunir informações sobre o contexto político-institucional e as interfaces e conexões entre as três instâncias. Observou-se baixa inserção do tema "vigilância sanitária" na pauta do CNS e uma atuação insuficiente da CIVSF para o fortalecimento desse debate. Conclui-se pela fragilidade de integração entre o Conselho Consultivo da Anvisa e as instâncias de controle social no Sistema Único de Saúde. Esse resultado é fruto de dificuldades de comunicação interinstitucional e da baixa inserção da vigilância sanitária no SUS, historicamente construída.

ABSTRACT

AbstractThe debate on research ethics can be applied both to the scientific methodology as other disciplines, such as sports. In the field of Brazilian sports health, it has been common research that do genetic testing to identify athletes with sickle cell trait. Despite the persistence of Brazilian sports federations to discriminate athletes with this inherited trait, sickle cell trait is not a disease. This article reports the case of a soccer athlete victim of genetic discrimination identified with the sickle cell trait, she was deemed unfit to participate in a championship for the Brazilian Football Confederation. The paper analyzes the implications of genetic research to identify the sickle cell trait in the absence of ethical care aimed at preserving the rights of those who submit to testing. It also shows the vulnerability to which are exposed people involved in research that do genetic testing without ethical care or even reasonable justifications and the results are interpreted under the rationality of biological determinism and genetic reductionism. Brazilian sports federations interested in identifying athletes with sickle cell trait should submit this order to study the evaluation of Research Ethics Committees, as this is a potential to cause harm to the procedure of athletes. The genetic test can not be considered an act of health care, since no disease is being treated.