Eficacia de la entrevista motivacional para promover la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 / Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing to Promote Therapeutic Adherence in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients

RESUMEN

Se reporta un estudio pre-post con dos grupos, control y experimental, en el que se implementó una intervención individual con el enfoque de la entrevista motivacional (EM) para aumentar la adherencia terapéutica (AT) de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Participaron 11 pacientes en grupo control y 11 en el experimental, de una institución de salud en México; se aplicaron dos instrumentos para evaluar su AT y estilo de vida. La intervención consistió en seis sesiones individuales de 40 minutos, basadas en la EM. Siete de los once pacientes del grupo experimental cambiaron de nivel de AT. Los niveles de glucosa del grupo experimental mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05). Se concluye que la EM resultó efectiva para aumentar la AT en pacientes con DM2 y que las intervenciones diseñadas para promover la AT deben considerar que, por cuestiones personales y culturales, a las mujeres les resulta más difícil.

ABSTRACT

This paper reports pre-post test results on two groups; the purpose is to enhance therapeutic adherence (TA) of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) patients. The sample included 11 patients in the control group and 11 in the experimental group, being served at a public hospital in México. All patients were administered two tests in order to assess their lifestyle and therapeutic adherence. Also pre and post intervention glucose levels were obtained. The intervention consisted of six 40-minutes individual meetings based on motivational interviewing. Seven out of the eleven patients in the intervention group changed their TA level. The pre and post intergroup glucose levels of the experimental group showed statistical differences (p< 0.05). We concluded the intervention was effective to increase the TA in DM2 patients. However, it is important to understand that women, due to personal and cultural considerations, face more difficulties to reach a good level of AT.