Patrón de caries dental en indígenas residentes en corozal, maniapure, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela / Dental caries pattern in indigenous residing in corozal, maniapure, Bolívar State, Venezuela

RESUMEN

Evaluar el patrón de caries dental en indígenas residentes en la comunidad de Corozal, Maniapure, Estado Bolívar, Este es un estudio descriptivo y transversal del status de caries dental en indígenas Panares que residen en Corozal, comunidad ubicada en la región de Maniapure, Municipio Cedeño del Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, realizado durante el año 2011. La edad de los sujetos evaluados oscilo entre 2 y 60 años de edad (n= 31), el examen clínico fue realizado por dos estudiantes de odontología previamente calibrados usando los criterios reportados por Radike (1972), modificado por Acevedo et al., (2005). El examen clínico se llevó a cabo con el explorador N°23, espejo bucal N°5 y luz natural. Los resultados se analizaron mediante el test no paramétrico de la U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. El 100% de los sujetos evaluados estaban afectados por la caries dental. No obstante, de las 3.682 superficies dentarias evaluadas 3.016 se encontraban libres de la enfermedad (81,9%) y 306 estaban afectados por la caries dental (8,3%). Con respecto a la severidad de las lesiones, las no cavitadas fueron las menos frecuentes (3,8%), mientras que el 96,1% tenían al menos un signo de cavitación. De las lesiones cavitadas en la dentición permanente el 62,2% correspondían a lesiones con micro-cavitación en el esmalte, 7,3% fueron lesiones que abarcaban el 50% de la estructura dentaria sin compromiso pulpar y solo 0,5% presentaron compromiso pulpar. Por el contrario, en la dentición primaria el 69.2% de las lesiones presentó compromiso del órgano dentino-pulpar, de las cuales el 6.5% correspondían a cavidades que abarcaban el 50% de la estructura dentaria con compromiso pulpar, 36,8% con destrucción total de la estructura coronaria y 25,9% de restos radiculares.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological status of dental caries in Indigenous residing in Corazal, Maniapure, Bolivar State, Venezuela. A cross-sectional study of dental caries condition in indigenous Panare residing in Corozal, community located in Maniapure, Cedeño Municipality, Bolivar State, Venezuela was undertaken in 2011. Subjects from 2 to 60 years of age (N=31) allow to be examined by two dental students previously calibrate using the criteria reported by Radike (1972) as modified by Acevedo et al., (2005). The clinical examination was conducted with explorer N° 23 and dental mirror N°5 using natural light. The results were analyzed using the non-parametric test of U- Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis. One hundred percent of the evaluated subjects were affected by caries (100%). However, from the total of 3.682 surfaces evaluated, 3.016 were sound (81.9%) and 306 were affected by caries (8.3%). From the total of caries lesion detected the non-cavitate lesion were the least frequent (3.8%) and 96.1% have at least one sign of cavitations. From the cavitated lesion in the permanent dentition 62.2% of lesions showed early enamel breakdown, 17.3% were to lesion that cover 50% of the tooth surface without reaching the pulp and only 0,5 % of the lesion had reach the pulp. In contrast, in the primary dentition 69.2% of the cavities advanced into the pulp. From this group 6.5% were cavities that cover 50% of tooth surface and reach the pulp, 38.6% showed complete destruction of the crown and 25.9% corresponded to remaining root. The mean DMFS and defs were 17.08±26.18 and 5.70±12.61 respectively. The DMFS in the female group (29.07±32.06) was significantly higher as compared to the male (6.75±6.51) (p=0.001), in contrast the defs was higher in the males (12.40± 14.52) as compare to the female (5.63±6.63) (p=0.012).