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UPLC–QTOF–MS and NMR analyses of graviola (Annona muricata) leaves
Moraes, Ingrid Vieira Machado de; Ribeiro, Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos; Schmidt, Flávio Luis; Canuto, Kirley Marques; Zocolo, Guilherme Julião; Brito, Edy Sousa de; Luo, Rensheng; Richards, Kristy M.; Tran, Kevin; Smith, Robert E..
  • Moraes, Ingrid Vieira Machado de; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
  • Ribeiro, Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
  • Schmidt, Flávio Luis; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
  • Canuto, Kirley Marques; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
  • Zocolo, Guilherme Julião; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
  • Brito, Edy Sousa de; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
  • Luo, Rensheng; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
  • Richards, Kristy M.; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
  • Tran, Kevin; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
  • Smith, Robert E.; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Fortaleza. BR
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 26(2): 174-179, Jan.-Apr. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-779020
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Graviola leaves (Annona muricata L., Annonaceae) are used by some people to try to treat or even cure cancer, even though over-consumption of the fruit, which contains the neurotoxins annonacin and squamocin has caused an atypical form of Parkinson's disease. In previous analyses, the fruits were extracted with methanol under ambient conditions before analyses. In the present study, UPLC–QTOF–MS and NMR were used to analyze freeze-dried graviola leaves that were extracted using dry methanol and ethanol at 100 ºC and 10 MPa (100 atm) pressure in a sealed container. Methanol solubilized 33% of the metabolites in the lyophilized leaves. Ethanol solubilized 41% of metabolites in the lyophilized leaves. The concentrations of total phenolic compounds were 100.3 ± 2.8 and 93.2 ± 2.0 mg gallic acid equivalents per g of sample, for the methanolic and ethanolic extracts, respectively. Moreover, the toxicophore (unsaturated γ-lactone) that is present in neurotoxic acetogenins was found in the lipophilic portion of this extract. The concentrations of the neurotoxins annonacin and squamocin were found by UPLC–QTOF–MS to be 305.6 ± 28.3 and 17.4 ± 0.89 µg/g-dw, respectively, in the dried leaves. Pressurized methanol solubilized more annonacin and squamocin than ethanol. On the other hand, a hot, aqueous infusion solubilized only 0.213% of the annonacin and too little of the squamocin to be detected. So, graviola leaves contain significant amounts of the neurotoxins annonacin and squamocin, as well as some potentially healthy phenolic compounds. Finally, the potential neurotoxicity of whole leaves in dietary supplements could be much higher than that of a tea (hot aqueous infusion) that is made from them.


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Language: English Journal: Rev. bras. farmacogn Journal subject: Pharmacy Year: 2016 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Language: English Journal: Rev. bras. farmacogn Journal subject: Pharmacy Year: 2016 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical/BR