Interrelación de índices de resistencia y sensibilidad a la insulina con variables antropométricas y metabólicas de mujeres del tercer trimestre de embarazo y recién nacido a término / Relationship between insulin resistance and sensibility indexes with anthropometrics and metabolic parameters in third trimester of pregnant women and normal term newborns

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Evaluar la interrelación de índices de resistencia y sensibilidad a la insulina con variables antropométricas y metabólicas de mujeres del tercer trimestre de embarazo y RN a término. Métodos: Este estudio transversal evaluó 52 mujeres sanas en el tercer trimestre del embarazo y 52 reciénnacidos (RN) a término. Se evaluaron peso corporal pregestacional y ganancia durante el embarazo (Δpeso). Se estimó el peso fetal (PFE), circunferencia abdominal fetal (CAF) y grosor placentario por ultrasonido. Se registró peso, talla y circunferencia abdominal (CA) del RN y peso placentario. Se realizó lipidograma, glucosa e insulina en ayunas en el suero de la madre y cordón umbilical. Se calcularon los índices lipídicos y de resistencia y sensibilidad a la insulina. Resultados: El Δpeso materno se correlacionó positivamente con PFE y peso del RN (r=0,32, p<0,02; r=0,32, p<0,05). El HOMA-R del RN se relacionó positivamente con CT (r=0,46; p<0,01) y TG (r=0,52; p<0,0001). El índice TG/C-HDL del RN se correlacionó positivamente con índices HOMA-R y TG/C-HDLmat (r=0,31, p=0,03; r=0,35, p=0,01). El peso pregestacional, materno final, placentario y TG maternos fueron significativamente más altos en los RN de mayor peso. Los índices TG/C-HDLmat y HOMA-Rmat se relacionaron inversamente con los índices QUICKImat y HOMA-Smat (p<0,01). Conclusiones: La cuantificación de los índices TG/C-HDL, HOMA-R, HOMA-S y QUICKI en el tercer trimestre del embarazo, puede tener utilidad potencial para identificar mujeres con riesgo alto para desarrollar complicaciones metabólicas en el embarazo.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance and sensibility indexes with anthropometrics and metabolic parameters in third trimester of pregnant women and normal term newborns. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 52 normal pregnant women in third trimester and 52 term born were assessed. Pre-gestational body weight, blood pressure and pregnancy weight gain (Δ-weight) were registered. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) and abdominal circumference (AFC) and placental gross were evaluated by ultrasound. Placental and newborn body weight, height and abdominal circumference were registered. Serum lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured in fasting women and cord blood. Placental weight was registered. Lipids and insulin resistance and sensibility indexes were calculated. Results: Δ-weight was significant and positively correlated with EFW and newborn body weight (r=0,32, p<0,02; r=0,32; p<0,05). Newborn HOMA-R was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) (r=0,46; p<0,01) and triglycerides serum concentration (r=0,52; p<0,0001). TG/C-HDL index was positively correlated with HOMA-R and maternal TG/C-HDL(r=0,31, p=0,03; r=0,35, p=0,01). Pre-gestational weight, term weight, placental and serum maternal triglycerides were significantly higher in newborns with higher body weight group. Maternal TG/C-HDL and HOMA-R were negatively related with maternal QUICKI and HOMA-S (p<0,01). Conclusions: The quantification of TG/C-HDL, HOMA-R, HOMA-S QUICKI indexes in pregnant women during third trimester could be potentially useful to identify pregnant women at high risk of developing metabolic complications during pregnancy.