Achados incidentais de aneurismas torácicos e abdominais / Thoracic and abdominal aneurysms as incidental findings

RESUMO

CONTEXTO: Os aneurismas de aorta abdominal (AAAs) são os mais comuns. A incidência anual de ruptura do AAA é de oito casos por 100.000 habitantes. A detecção incidental pode beneficiar o paciente, desde que o diâmetro seja monitorado e o paciente receba o tratamento adequado. OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência do diagnóstico incidental de aneurisma de aorta torácica (AAT) e de AAA em tomografias computadorizadas (TCs); avaliar a prevalência de sexo e idade dos pacientes e determinar quais as artérias acometidas e as características morfológicas dos aneurismas; determinar quais as indicações de TC mais associadas ao diagnóstico incidental de aneurismas. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e randomizado. Critérios de inclusão pacientes com 50 anos ou mais submetidos a TC de tórax, abdome ou pelve. Critérios de exclusão acompanhamento ou suspeita diagnóstica de aneurismas. Foram utilizados protocolos com questões sobre dados demográficos e anatômicos. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 1.202 laudos radiológicos. Detectados 27 aneurismas (prevalência de 2,2%). Pacientes 60% do sexo masculino e 40% do sexo feminino (p < 0,05). Localização 13 casos (48,2%) na aorta ascendente (AAT); 7 (25,9%) na aorta infrarrenal (AAA); 2 (7,4%) aorta na transição toracoabdominal (ATA); 2 (7,4%) na ilíaca comum; 1 (3,7%) na ilíaca interna; 1 (3,7%) na artéria esplênica; e 1 (3,7%) na artéria renal. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos pacientes foi do sexo masculino (60%); houve maior frequência de AAT (diâmetro médio de 4,1 cm), seguido de AAA (diâmetro médio de 4,0 cm) e ATA (diâmetro médio de 3,9 cm). A principal indicação para a realização de TC associada ao diagnóstico incidental de aneurismas foi em função de sintomas respiratórios.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are the most common. The annual incidence of AAA rupture is eight cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Incidental detection can benefit patients if diameter is monitored and the correct treatment provided. OBJETCTIVES To estimate the prevalence of incidental diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and AAA by computed tomography (CT); to determine prevalence by age and sex of patients and determine which arteries are involved and the morphological characteristics of the aneurysms; to determine the indications for CT most associated with incidental diagnosis of aneurysms. METHODS: This was a descriptive, retrospective and randomized study. Inclusion criteria patients over 50 years of age examined with CT of the thorax, abdomen or pelvis. Exclusion criteria follow-up or diagnostic suspicion of aneurysms. Data collection instruments containing questions covering demographic and anatomic data were used. RESULTS: A sample of 1,202 radiology reports was reviewed. A total of 27 aneurysms were detected (prevalence of 2.2%). Patients 60% were male and 40% were female (p < 0.05). Sites there were 13 cases (48.2%) in the ascending aorta (TAA); 7 (25.9%) in the infrarenal aorta (AAA); 2 (7.4%) at the thoracoabdominal transition of the aorta (TTA); 2 (7.4%) in the common iliac artery ; 1 (3.7%) in the internal iliac artery; 1 (3.7%) in the splenic artery; and 1 (3.7%) in the renal artery. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients were male (60%); TAA was the most common type (mean diameter 4.1 cm), followed by AAA (mean diameter 4.0 cm) and ATA (mean diameter 3.9 cm). The most common indication for the CT examination that led to incidental diagnosis of an aneurysm was respiratory symptoms.