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Los niveles de ácido fólico en la población venezolana y su impacto en el área de salud pública / Folic acid levels in the venezuelan population and its impact on public health
Apitz-Castro, Rafael.
  • Apitz-Castro, Rafael; IVIC. Caracas. VE
An. venez. nutr ; 28(1): 21-27, mar. 2015. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-788144
RESUMEN
Los folatos, constituyen cofactores fundamentales para los procesos bioquímicos que conducen a la sintesis y eventual modificación epigénetica de ácidos nucleicos e histonas. Además, su metabolismo está intimamente relacionado al metabolismo de la homocisteina. Se han descrito numerosas causas de mal funcionamiento del ciclo metabólico de folatos, la causa más frecuente y quizas la más relevante desde el punto de vista de salud pública es la deficiencia nutricional. El papel central del folato en la sintesis y posteriores modificaciones epigenéticas del material genético, por una parte, así como su relación con la homeostasis de la homocisteina, lo han asociado a dos tipos de patologías de gran importancia en salud pública a) Enfermedades cardiovasculares y b) Defectos del desarrollo embrionario. En la actualidad, su papel en el riesgo cardiovascular es sujeto de controversia ya que estudios clínicos poblacionales no lo respaldan, sin embargo, si existe evidencia clara de su papel en la aparición de defectos del desarrollo embrionario, especificamente aquellos centrados en el tubo neural y el sistema cardio-circulatorio. Estas evidencias, llevaron a proponer diversos modelos programáticos en salud pública para prevenir y tratar a nivel poblacional el deficit nutricional de folatos. De los varios modelos ensayados, la fortificación obligatoria de ciertos alimentos de consumo masivo ha demostrado ser el mas exitoso y es actualmente implementado en 54 paises a nivel mundial. En Venezuela, desde la decada del 2000 se ha demostrado experimentalmente una seria deficiencia nutricional de folato, que afecta a más del 70% de la población femenina en edad fertil. A pesar de los múltiples llamados hechos a los responsables de las politicas de salud en el país, Venezuela sigue siendo uno de los pocos paises en la región que no ha implementado un programa de fortificación. Su implementación no requiere de una fuerte inversión oficial, pero si debe ser acompañado de un programa eficiente de seguimiento que permita a) evaluar los beneficios y b) las posibles modificaciones en su implementación(AU)
ABSTRACT
The folate cofactors are essential for the biochemical processes that lead to the eventual synthesis and epigenetic modification of histones and nucleic acids. In addition, their metabolism is closely related to homocysteine metabolism. While there have been described numerous causes malfunction folate metabolic cycle, the most common and perhaps the most important cause, from the point of view of public health, is nutritional deficiency. The central role of folate in the synthesis and subsequent epigenetic modifications of genetic material, on the one hand, and their relationship with the homeostasis of homocysteine, have been associated with two types of diseases of great public health importance a) Cardiovascular Diseases b) Defects of embryonic development. Currently, its role in cardiovascular risk is the subject of controversy since this have not received support from population trials , however, there is clear evidence of their role in the onset of embryonic development defects, specifically those focused on the neural tube and the cardio-circulatory system. This evidence, led to propose different program models in public health, at the population level, to attack the nutritional deficit of folates. Of the several models tested, mandatory fortification of certain foods for mass consumption has proved the most successful and is currently implemented in 54 countries worldwide. In Venezuela, since the 2000s it has been shown, experimentally, a serious nutritional folate deficiency, which affects over 70% of the female population of childbearing age. Despite numerous appeals made to those responsible for health policies in the country, Venezuela remains one of the few countries in the region that has not implemented a program of fortification. Its implementation does not requires a strong government investment, but must also be accompanied by an effective monitoring program that allows a) evaluation of the potential benefits and b) support rational implementation of any necessary changes(AU)
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Vitamins / Public Health / Micronutrients / Folic Acid Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Venezuela Language: Spanish Journal: An. venez. nutr Journal subject: Biologia / Nutritional Sciences / Dieta / Humanos Year: 2015 Type: Article Affiliation country: Venezuela Institution/Affiliation country: IVIC/VE

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Vitamins / Public Health / Micronutrients / Folic Acid Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Venezuela Language: Spanish Journal: An. venez. nutr Journal subject: Biologia / Nutritional Sciences / Dieta / Humanos Year: 2015 Type: Article Affiliation country: Venezuela Institution/Affiliation country: IVIC/VE