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Gender differences in biochemical markers and oxidative stress of rats after 28 days oral exposure to a mixture used for weight loss containing p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine
Schmitt, Gabriela Cristina; Arbo, Marcelo Dutra; Lorensi, Andréia Louise; Jacques, Ana Laura Bemvenuti; Nascimento, Sabrina Nunes do; Mariotti, Kristiane de Cássia; Garcia, Solange Cristina; Dallegrave, Eliane; Leal, Mirna Bainy; Limberger, Renata Pereira.
  • Schmitt, Gabriela Cristina; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Arbo, Marcelo Dutra; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Lorensi, Andréia Louise; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Jacques, Ana Laura Bemvenuti; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Nascimento, Sabrina Nunes do; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Mariotti, Kristiane de Cássia; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Garcia, Solange Cristina; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Dallegrave, Eliane; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Leal, Mirna Bainy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Limberger, Renata Pereira; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Analysis. Porto Alegre. BR
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(1): 59-68, Jan.-Mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-789072
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The association of p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine in dietary supplements and weight loss products is very common worldwide, even though ephedrine has been prohibited in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate a 28-day oral exposure toxicity profile of p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine mixture (104680 w/w respectively) in male and female Wistar rats. Body weight and signs of toxicity, morbidity, and mortality were observed daily. After 28 days, animals were euthanized and blood collected for hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress evaluation. No clinical signs of toxicity, significant weight loss or deaths occurred, nor were there any significant alterations in hematological parameters. Biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers showed lipid peroxidation, and hepatic and renal damage (p < 0.05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) in male rats (100 and 150 mg/kg) and a reduction (p < 0.05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) in glutathione (GSH) levels in all male groups. Female groups displayed no indications of oxidative stress or biochemical alterations. The different toxicity profile displayed by male and female rats suggests a hormonal influence on mixture effects. Results demonstrated that the tested mixture can alter oxidative status and promote renal and hepatic damages.
RESUMO
RESUMO A associação de p-sinefrina, efedrina, salicina, e cafeína em suplementos alimentares e produtos para perda de peso é muito utilizada em todo o mundo, embora a efedrina tenha sido proibida em muitos países. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil de toxicidade à exposição oral de 28 dias à associação de p-sinefrina, efedrina, salicina e cafeína (na proporção de 104680 m/m respectivamente) em ratos Wistar machos e fêmeas. Diariamente, os animais foram observados quanto ao peso corporal, sinais de toxicidade, morbidade e mortalidade. Após 28 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e o sangue coletado para avaliações hematológicas, bioquímicas e de estresse oxidativo. Não se observaram sinais clínicos de toxicidade, tampouco perda significativa de peso, mortes, ou quaisquer alterações significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos. Biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo e bioquímicos mostraram peroxidação lipídica, danos renais e hepáticos (p < 0,05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) em ratos machos (100 e 150 mg/kg) e a redução (p < 0,05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) nos níveis de glutationa reduzida (GSH) em todos os grupos de machos tratados. Nas fêmeas, não houve indícios de estresse oxidativo, nem alterações bioquímicas. O diferente perfil de toxicidade entre os gêneros sugere influência hormonal nos efeitos de mistura administrada. A associação testada pode alterar o estado oxidativo e promover danos renais e hepáticos.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Caffeine / Biomarkers / Synephrine / Salicinum / Oxidative Stress / Ephedrine Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Braz. j. pharm. sci Year: 2016 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Caffeine / Biomarkers / Synephrine / Salicinum / Oxidative Stress / Ephedrine Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Braz. j. pharm. sci Year: 2016 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul/BR