Incidencia, supervivencia y factores de riesgo del recién nacido con extremo bajo peso en un hospital / Impact, survival and risk factors end of newborn extremely low weight in a hospital

RESUMEN

Conocer la incidencia, supervivencia y factores de riesgo del recién nacido con extremo bajo peso (RNEBP) en el Hospital Hipólito Unanue, de Tacna (HHUT). Pacientes y Método. Estudio retrospectivo analítico de casos y controles. Se analizaron a todos los nacidos vivos de embarazo único, con peso al nacer menor de 1000 g, nacidos durante los años 2000 a 2014 en el HHUT. Se evaluó la incidencia y supervivencia por 100 nacidos vivos y se analizaron los factores de riesgo. Los casos fueron todos los recién nacidos con peso < 1000 g y los controles, todos los recién nacidos con peso entre 2500 y 3999 g. Se calculó el odds ratio (OR), con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. La información se obtuvo de la base de datos del Sistema Informático Perinatal. Resultados. De 49 979 recién nacidos vivos, 191 tuvieron peso < 1000 g; la incidencia de RNEBP fue 0,38 por 100 nacidos vivos y la supervivencia, 19,7%, ambas con tendencia ascendente. Los factores de riesgo asociados fueron madre soltera (OR = 1,9), ausencia o control prenatal inadecuado (OR = 11,6) y presencia de enfermedades maternas (OR = 2,5), tales como como amenaza de parto prematuro (OR = 24,9), rotura prematura de membranas (OR = 8,1), alteraciones del líquido amniótico (OR = 7,5), hemorragia del tercer trimestre (OR = 5,3) y enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo (OR = 4,2). Conclusiones. El RNEBP en el HHUT, tiene baja incidencia y supervivencia; sus factores de riesgo son la falta o inadecuado control prenatal y las enfermedades maternas...

ABSTRACT

To determine the incidence, risk factors and survival of newborn with extremely low weight in the Hipolito Unanue Hospital, in Tacna. Patients and MethOd. A retrospective, analytical, case­control study. All live births of singleton pregnancy with birth weight less than 1,000 g, born during the years 2000­2014 in the Hipolito Unanue Hospital in Tacna, Peru, were analyzed. The incidence and survival per 100 live births was evaluated and risk factors were analyzed. The cases were all infants less than 1000 g, and controls, all newborns weighing between 2500 and 3999 g. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated with a confidence interval of 95%. The information was obtained from the database of Perinatal Information System. Results. 49979, 191 live births were born with less than 1000 grams of weight, the incidence of infants of extremely low birth weight was 0,38 x 100 live births and survival 19,7%, with upward trends. The associated risk factors were significantly single mother (OR = 1,9), no or inadequate prenatal care (OR = 11,6), presence of maternal pathologies (OR = 2,5) and preterm delivery (OR = 24,9), premature rupture of membranes (OR = 8,1), abnormal amniotic fluid (OR = 7,5), third trimester bleeding (OR = 5,3) and hypertensive disease of pregnancy (OR = 4,2). Conclusion. The newly born extremely low birth weight Hipolito Unanue Hospital in Tacna has low incidence and survival, and its risk factors lack or inadequate prenatal and maternal pathologies...