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Calidad de la relación pedagógica médico-paciente en consulta externa el caso de Oaxaca, México / Quality of the pedagogical relationship physician-patient in out-patient clinic: the case of Oaxaca, Mexico
Campero Cuenca, Lourdes.
  • Campero Cuenca, Lourdes; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Escuela de Salud Pública de México. MX
Salud pública Méx ; 32(2): 192-204, mar.-abr. 1990. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-95592
RESUMEN
Esta investigación busca canocer la calidad de la relación pedagógica médico-paciente en consulta externa en diferentes centros de salud (A, B, C) dependientes de la Secretaría de Salud (SSA) en el estado de Oaxaca, México. En teoría, la consulta externa constituye en ámbio para la transmisión educativa, en la que la interrelación médico-paciente debe redundar en un incremento de los conocimientos que tiene el paciente sobre su cuerpo y su salud a partir de la ayuda del médico, quien no sólo busca diagnosticar problemas de salud y curarlos, sino también coadyuvar a la educación del paciente. Con esta investigación se pretende contribuir a la reflexión de la calidad y naturaleza de ese proceso educativo para lo que se establecen dos niveles de análisis un primer nivel teórico que alude a los aspectos principales de la evolución histórica de la medicina, tanto en lo que se refiere a la formación de los recursos humanos (médicos), como a la institucionalización de su práctica, así como un segundo nivel empírico, que busca caracterizar mediante indicadores previamente determinados y bajo la implementación de la tecnica "estudio de sombra" (observación directa), las seis tareas que estructuran la relación médico-paciente en consulta externa (identificación, historia clínica, exploración, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento). La investigación se llevó a cabo con una muestra de 168 pacientes y 17 médicos de 9 localidades. A través del análisis de los resultados, se concluye que en la mayoría de los casos no existe una relación médico-paciente, sino que sólo es posible hablar de una relación médico-problema, en la cual no se establece un espacio en donde cobre lugar la educación para la salud de calidad, orientada a formar individuos corresponsables de su proceso salud-enfermedad
ABSTRACT
This research seeks to explore the quality of the pedagogical relationship physician-patient in primary care, in several health centers (A, B, C) depending from the Health Ministry (SSA) in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is assumed that the out-patient clinic constitutes a setting for the educative transmision, and that the physician-patient encounter must result in an increase of the knowledge that the patient has on his body and his health, with the help of the former. It is assumed also that the physician not only seeks to elaborate a diagnosis and to solve the health problems, but also to contribute to the education of the patient on this matter. This research seeks to contribute to the reflection in this direction, from a perspective that explores the quality and the nature of the educative processes that there take place. In order to reach this goal, two levels of analysis have been established the first one, a theoretic approach, which refers to the main aspects of the historic evolution of the medicine -key element that permits to understand the type of physician-patient relationship that it is established in out- patient clinic. The second one, an empirical approach, which seeks to characterize -by using indicators previously determined and through the implementation of the technic "shadow study" (direct observation)- the six tasks (identification, clinic history, exploration, diagnosis, medical treatment, and following) that give estructure to the physician patient relationship in out patient clinic. This elements, indeed, are useful for defining the nature of the pedagogical relationship that is established between these two actors. This investigation was conducted with a sample of 168 patients and 17 physicians, distributed all of them in 9 localities. The results allow us to conclude that, in the majority of the cases, it does not exist a physician patient relationship, but that it is possible to talk just of a physician problem relationship. Due to this fact, it is not possible to find the health education of the individuals, as a basic input for the training of the population as co-rresponsibles of his/her health-illness process.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Office Visits / Physician-Patient Relations Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: Spanish Journal: Salud pública Méx Journal subject: Public Health Year: 1990 Type: Article Affiliation country: Mexico Institution/Affiliation country: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública/MX

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Office Visits / Physician-Patient Relations Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: Spanish Journal: Salud pública Méx Journal subject: Public Health Year: 1990 Type: Article Affiliation country: Mexico Institution/Affiliation country: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública/MX