Impact of Toombak dipping in the etiology of oral cancer: gender-exclusive hazard in the Sudan.
J Cancer Res Ther
;
2007 Apr-Jun; 3(2): 127-30
Article
in English
| IMSEAR
| ID: sea-111371
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Oral cancer (OC) mortality is very high in Sudan, particularly among men due to the habit of Toombak use (tobacco specific nitrose amine (TSN)) rich tobacco.AIMS:
Our aim was to determine whether OC is gender-specific due to increased Toombak use among males as suggested a risk for subsequent development of oral cancer. SETTINGS ANDDESIGN:
We conducted a descriptive study of OC in Khartoum and obtained information on Toombak use, confounding variables for 39 incident patients with oral cancerous lesions and 43 hospital-based cases without apparent oral lesions. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS:
OC was affirmed by histopathology for all patients with oral lesions, hence oral epithelial atypia and leukoplakias were detected using cytology. STATISTICALANALYSIS:
Data analyzed using a computer SPSS program. RESULTS ANDCONCLUSIONS:
Of the 82 subjects, there were 57 (70%) Toombak users and 25 (30%) non-tobacco users. Among the 39 patients with OC, 24 (61.5%) were Toombak users and 15 (38.5%) were non-tobacco users. Among 43 with atypical changes, 10 (23.3%) were non-tobacco users and 33 (76.7%) were Toombak users. Regarding gender, only 11 (13.4%) were females, of whom 8 (72.7%) were non-tobacco users. We conclude that oral cancer, atypia and leukoplakia were high among males who were Toombak users. In view of the high incidence (29%) of OC due to Toombak use, we propose the implementation of oral screening programme restricted to Toombak users.
Full text:
Available
Index:
IMSEAR (South-East Asia)
Main subject:
Sudan
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Mouth Neoplasms
/
Risk Factors
/
Adolescent
/
Tobacco, Smokeless
/
Adult
/
Middle Aged
Type of study:
Etiology study
/
Risk factors
Country/Region as subject:
Africa
Language:
English
Journal:
J Cancer Res Ther
Journal subject:
Neoplasms
/
Therapeutics
Year:
2007
Type:
Article
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