Ground water quality in environmentally degraded localities of Panipat city, India.

ABSTRACT

Asystematic physico-chemical analysis of the groundwater at 41 different locations in Panipat city (Haryana), India has been taken up to evaluate its suitabilityfor domestic purposes. The data revealed considerable variations in the water samples with respect to chemical composition. For the analyzed water samples pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4(2-) and F(-) varied from 6.6-7.5, 0.09-3.28 mmhoS cm(-1), 700-2100 mg l(-1), 245-1054 mg l(-1) (as CaCO3), 153-520 mg l(-1) (as CaCO3), 57-560 mg l(-1), 5-22 mg l(-1), 36-95 mg l(-1), 298-1285 mg l(-1), 60-311 mgl(-1), 17-786 mg l(-1), 0.24-9.27 mg l(-1) respectively. All samples have high concentration of dissolved salts and all the samples were hard to very hard. Correlation coefficient "r" analysis has been worked out among different water quality parameters. The study shows a positive and significant, correlation of electrical conductivity with total dissolved salts (r = 0.979), total hardness (r = 0.507), sulphate (r = 0.453), total alkalinity (r = 0.725). Total hardness is positively and significantly correlated with magnesium (r = 0.833) and sulphate (r = 0.687). Where as total alkalinity was found to be positively and significantly correlated with bicarbonate (r = 0.992). Fluoride was higher than permissible limits in most of the samples.