Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy by using methotrexate prior to radiation therapy in the treatment of advanced oral cancers.

ABSTRACT

One hundred and forty-one advanced squamous sell carcinomas of the oral cavity (T3,4; NO-3;MO) were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy by using methotrexate 50 mg. administered intravenously, once weekly for 3-5 injections and then followed by radiation therapy 6000 – 6500 cGy in 6-6.5 weeks. Seventy patients with the same tumour extent, receiving radiation therapy alone were randomized numerically for the control group. The result of combined treatment showed 86 percent effective on the basis of objective primary tumour response with MTX alone, and 46 percent showed CR. For the nodal status, only 53 percent showed effective and only 10 percent was CR. After radiation therapy, the response of both primary and lymph node in the study group showed definitely more effective than the control group. Seventy-two percent of patient in the study group showed CR, while only 20 percent of the radiation alone group showed CR. The patients in the study group also showed better survival rate with 14 percent of 5-year survival rate, while none of the control group survived more than 5 years after treatment. All the patients tolerated methotrexate and radiation treatment very well. Only grad 1 and 2 toxicities were found.