A comparative study of pulmonary functions in different age groups.

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives: The respiratory system changes with age and understanding these changes helps detect and prevent respiratory dysfunctions in the elderly. Pulmonary function, as measured by spirometry is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality of elderly persons. The aim of the present study was to see the effects of aging on pulmonary functions. Methods: The study included 150 subjects of different ages from 20 years and above. Subjects were divided in six groups depending on their age. (1) 20-29 yrs (2) 30-39 yrs (3) 40-49 yrs (4) 50-59 yrs (5) 60-69 yrs (6) 70 yrs and above. 25 subjects were included in each group. FVC , FEV1, FEV1 /FVC%, PEFR, FEF25%-75%, MVV were measured. Results: Comparing 20-29 yrs with 70 yrs and above show mean FVC (4.33 vs 1.68 litre, p<0.001) ,FEV1(3.91 vs 1.19 litre p<0.001), FEV1 /FVC%(90.30 vs 70.0 p<0.001), PEFR(9.81 vs 3.31 lit/sec p<0.001), FEF25%-75%(6.65 vs 1.89 lit/sec p<0.001), MVV(93.94 vs 55.96 lit/min p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study concluded that FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25- 75% and MVV decrease with age. It is probably a result of decreased strength of expiratory muscles, decreased chest wall compliance and increased tendency of airways to close during forced expiratory effort causing air trapping in the lungs.