Relationship between carotid intima media thickness and lipid profile in type two diabetes mellitus and stage 2 hypertension.

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) & hypertension (HTN) are common diseases causing premature atherosclerosis; and associated hyperlipidemia causes cardiovascular morbidity & mortality. They impose tremendous burden on healthcare system. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis and For every 0.1-mm increase in carotid IMT, the relative risk of ischemic heart disease increases by 15% and that of cerebrovascular disease by 18%.3 in type 2 diabetes Mellitus (DM2) patients. This study was carried out with objectives of 1. To evaluate the prevalence of altered lipid profile in type 2 DM & stage 2 HTN & its relationship with carotid intima media thickness ( CMT) as a marker of atherosclerosis.2. To study prevalence of altered lipid profile in type 2 DM & stage 2 HTN patients with respect to control subjects.3. To study additive effect of diabetes & hypertension on lipid profile & CMT . 4. Quantitative correlation of altered lipid profile & diabetic control HbA1c with CMT. 5. Relation of CMT with other established parameters like age, BMI >26kg/m2 , total cholesterol, LDL & HDL cholesterol. Methods: The current prospective study has been carried out at Shree Sayaji General Hospital. From 1st September 2010 to 30th August 2011 with following group of patients who attended outdoor patient department in medicine department.1. A group of 15 type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients.2. A group of 15 stage 2 hypertensive patients.3. A group of 15 control patients. Results: In HTN patients, total cholesterol has positive and poor correlation while HDL cholesterol has negative & good correlation with CMT. LDL cholesterol has positive & very good correlation & VLDL cholesterol has positive &very good correlation with CMT. TC/LDL has positive & very good correlation with CMT. In DM patients, total cholesterol has positive & good relation, while HDL cholesterol has negative & good correlation with CMT.LDL cholesterol has positive & very good correlation with CMT. While VLDL cholesterol has positive & very good.TC/LDL has positive & very good correlation with CMT. While HBA1c has negative & poor correlation with CMT. The other parameters which were found to be associated with increased carotid intima media thickness were increasing age, BMI > 25 Kg/m2, post prandial blood glucose levels, high total cholesterol & low HDL cholesterol.HbA1c has not shown to be important correlation with CMT. CMT values are highly significant at p<.05 level in HTN & DM group of patients in comparison to controls.