Predictive Perspectives of Disease-Transformed Protein Biomarkers.

ABSTRACT

With advancement in instrumentation, computation and understanding of disease etiology, proteomics has been expanded to harness the knowledge of change in protein folding and misfolding, protein-protein interaction, protein modification, etc. during progression of disease which is a source of discovery for various biomarkers including predictive biomarkers. Various methodologies for disease prediction are reported using ‘omics’ technology; however, advancement in proteomics with discovery of protein biomarker allows for the estimation of disease risk from years to decades before any disease even manifests internally. Specific proteins as disease biomarkers that appear in the body fluid/diseased tissues are generally measured. Recently, new proteomics technologies are also being developed in order to facilitate both the highthroughput and high-sensitivity requirements of diseaserelated applications of proteomics and possibly providing the framework for prediction of diseases. Therefore, there is a growing interest in proteomics technologies to discover processes that are involved in various diseases, to discover new biomarkers that correlates with the prediction and early detection of diseases. Now there is change in research thinking where already known biomarkers alone or in combination of others are under investigation for advanced application like in prediction and early detection of chronic diseases. In this review, we have emphasized the prediction perspective of some of the protein biomarkers like CA-125, Lp-PLA2 and tau protein for diseases like cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer’s respectively.