Pattern of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in Blood Donors around Bhopal - A 5 years Retrospective Study.

ABSTRACT

Background: Blood transfusion has become an essential part of treatment in number of medical or surgical emergencies. It is also true that blood transfusion is an important mode of transmission of infection to recipients. Present study was planned to know the seroprevalence and pattern of such infections among voluntary as well as replacement donors in this area. Culture and molecular techniques have demonstrated that it is associated with increased prevalence of bacteria. This study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among the blood donors at Chirayu medical college and Hospital, Bhopal over a period of 5 years. All blood units received from replacement as well as voluntary blood donations at Blood Bank, Chirayu medical college and associated Hospital, Bhopal during the period from February 2011 to January 2016 were selected for the study. Methods: A 5 year retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank of Chirayu medical college Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. All data were collected from blood bank records maintained as per Drugs and Cosmetic Act of India and included records of 4208 voluntary and 10852 replacement donors from February 2011 to January 2016. Screening of blood units was done by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method for HIV, malaria and hepatitis B and C. Fourth generation ELISA kits were used for HIV testing while Syphilis was tested by latex agglutination assay. Any sample found reactive was retested for confirmation and seropositive units were discarded. Results: Overall TTIs incidence in voluntary donors and replacement donors was found to be 1.568% (66/4208) and 5.215% (566/10852)respectively. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria was found to be 0.071% (3/4208), 0.712% (30/4208), 0.119% (5/4208), 0.665% (28/4208) and 0.00% in voluntary blood donors as against the figures of 0.166% (18/10852), 2.681% (291/10852), 0.82% (89/10852), 1.548% (168/10852) and 0.00% of replacement blood donors respectively. It is clear from this data that the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis is higher in replacement blood donors as compared to voluntary blood donors. The highest seroprevalence of TTI was found to be in the age group of 18-30 years. Conclusion: Prevalence of TTI is less in voluntary blood donors as compared to replacement donors. Hence, efforts should be made to increase the number of voluntary donors and reduce replacement donations to a minimum. A strict selection of all donors and proper testing of a donor’s blood by using standard methods is highly recommended to ensure safety for the recipient.