Study of physiological skin changes in neonates

ABSTRACT

Background: Physiological cutaneous changes and clinical presentation is very frequently in neonates. The skin of the new born is covered with greyish white greasy material vernix caseosa, a physiologic protective covering derived partially by secretion of sebaceous glands and in part as a decomposition product of the infant’s epidermis. It acts as a natural protectant to the infant in utero. It should be allowed to come off by itself. Aim: To study the various physiological changes in neonates. Materials and methods: We studied 200 neonates for the pattern of cutaneous changes. 200 neonates were examined within 24 hours of birth over the period of 2 years. We prospectively enrolled and analysed 200 patients with various dermatoses in infants from July 2010- December 2012 in the Department of Dermatology. The complete clinical history was taken and complete physical examination was performed. Types of clinical lesions and their distribution along with mucous membrane lesions were noted; any change in hair, nail, and teeth was noted. Results: Most common cutaneous change observed was Mongolian spots followed by physiological exfoliation and erythema neonatorum. Physiological cutaneous change was observed in 100% neonates. Conclusion: We confirm the variation in physiological cutaneous changes and their time of onset in neonates. This study showed physiological changes were present in all newborn. Number of lesion was more in preterm babies.