Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Associated Factors in Type 2 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kannur District of Kerala

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence in diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic (DM) patients and to establish associated factors. Methods: Hospital based descriptive study was conducted from April 2017 to March 2018 in the Department Of Ophthalmology, Govt Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram Known diabetics were evaluated for the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to establish relation with age, sex, duration of diabetes, type of medications, hypertension, end organ disease, HbA1c, body mass index. Results: Out of 293 patients with type 2 DM, 182 (62.1%) were males and 111(37.9%) female. Mean patient age was 56.7 ± 11.2 years, with duration of diabetic less than 10yrs 185(63.1%) and for more than or equal to 10 yrs. 108(36.9%). Majority of the patients 228 (77.8%) were on oral hypoglycemic agents, 26 (8.9%) on insulin and 39 (13.3%) on both. Conclusion: Prevalence of DR is high in our study132(45.1%) and DR is significantly associated with male gender, older age, longer duration of diabetic state, poorly controlled blood sugars (HbA1c levels) and in patients with hypertension.