Investigative Parameters, Maternal and Neonatal Outcome in Patients with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Hospital Based Observational Study

ABSTRACT

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) occur in women with pre-existing primary or secondary chronic hypertension, and in women who develop new-onset hypertension in the second half of pregnancy. Preeclampsia is one of the maternal diseases that cause complications to mother and fetus both. Methods: An observational cross sectional study was done in ANMMCH, a tertiary care hospital in Gaya, Bihar. All PIH patients were included in the study period of one year. Investigative workup was done after due clinical check up. The maternal outcomes were further divided into normal outcome, Eclampsia and other complications Perinatal outcome measures that was studied include live births, fetal growth restriction (IGUR), still births, neonatal complications and deaths. Results: A total of 75 patients of PIH were selected for the study. Maximum (57.3%) were in age group of 25-35 year. 45.3% were from urban area while 22.7% were working. 60% were primigravida. 50.7% were delivered vaginaly. Most common presenting symptom was labour pain, followed by edema and headache. Most common complication was CNS symptom including seizure (Eclampsia) in 16% patients followed by vaginal bleeding in 9.3%. Other complications were pulmonary edema in 8% and HELLP syndrome in 2.2% patients. 5 patients died. Most common neonatal outcome was low birth weight. Renal failure was present in 6.7% patients Visible jaundice was present in 4% patients. Conclusion: Preeclampsia is associated with multiple maternal and neonatal complications. Early diagnosis and treatment through regular antenatal check-up is a key factor to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its complications. So, complete clinical and biochemical workup is necessary for appropriate management of PIH patients.