A Retrospective Study of Histopathology and Clinical Correlation of Primary Benign Bone tumours at Thoothukudi Medical College, India

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to understand the clinical algorithm of benign bone tumours. Correlation was done by clinical presentation with radiological features and histopathology features. The osteogenic tumours are considered as one group because their common characteristic feature is the production of an osteoid or bone matrix by the tumour cells. The cartilaginous tumours have the characteristic feature of production of cartilage matrix. AIM: We have reported 62 cases of bone tumours during the study period of 5 years in the Department of Pathology, Thoothukudi Medical College, India. The cases were thoroughly studied by histopathology and 28 cases were diagnosed as benign tumours among which 8 cases were benign osteoid producing and 20 cases were diagnosed as benign cartilage producing tumours conclusively. The Histopathology diagnosis was correlated with the Radiological features. Methods: We have reported 62 cases of bone tumours during the study period of 5 years in the Department of Pathology, among which 28 cases were diagnosed as benign bone tumours. A total of 8 cases were osteoid producing and 20 cases were cartilage producing tumours conclusively. All the relevant clinical data of the patients were searched from the ward records. The data was stored in the Department computer server was very much useful in the study. The initial step in the assessment of patients with bone tumours is a good medical history, including age, gender, type and duration of symptoms, localization of the mass, and presence of a history of trauma. CT scan was useful in osteoid lesions. MRI Scan played a crucial role in cartilage producing tumours. Tests to assess general health included a complete blood count , differential count , tests for serum electrolytes including calcium, magnesium, phosphate, liver function studies, blood group typing, a coagulation profile, tests for hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection were taken and recorded. Results: The total number of benign bone tumours reported during the 5 years period was 28 cases,. In benign bone tumours osteochondroma was the most common neoplasm. CT scan established the best choice in studying cortical lesions and nidus in osteoid osteoma. CT can identify the calcification of cartilage. In cases of cartilage producing tumours, the T2 weighted MRI with high signal intensity with a lobulated outline made a useful role. MRI can delineate the medullary extent. Multinucleated giant cells were seen in sections of chondroblastoma. Histopathology provided the final conclusive diagnosis. Conclusion: Benign bone tumours frequently pose a diagnostic challenge for general surgical pathologists. Accurate pathologic diagnosis requires careful clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation. The most common benign bone tumour occurring in children is osteochondromas, representing 10 to 15% of all bone tumours and 20 to 50% of all benign bone tumours.