Changing trends in maxillofacial trauma: A 15 years retrospective study in the Southern Part of Haryana, India

ABSTRACT

The aim is to analyze the pattern of maxillofacial injuries and treatment outcomes in the past 15 years (2002–2016). Materials and Methods: One thousand eight hundred and fifty patients from two tertiary referral center hospitals were studied retrospectively in which the age, sex, etiology, site of fracture, and treatment modality was recorded. Results: One thousand two hundred and twenty-eight males and 622 females were operated between 2002 and 2016. Mean age was 29 ± 17.2 years. Maximum incidence was seen in the age group of 16–30 years in males, whereas in females, the predominance of trauma was seen in both 16–30 and 31–45 age groups. Road traffic accidents were responsible for the majority of fractures (42.2%), followed by assaults (26.4), sports injuries (17.6%), and fall (10.7%). Maximum fractures were of the mandible (53.5%) followed by midface (25.6%) and panfacial trauma (20.8%). Nearly 53.6% of patients underwent open reduction, and internal fixation (ORIF), 34.2% managed by the closed method and 12.1% were kept under observation. Conclusion: This study verified a young male predominance, a shift toward more assault related fractures, especially in females. Mandibular fractures were the most common of all. Moreover, the changing trend toward ORIF in the past 15 years.