Multifocal Epstein–Barr virus-associated miliary post-transplant smooth muscle tumors

ABSTRACT

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) promotes the development of undifferentiated carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract and different types of lymphomas. This ability of tumorigenesis is heightened in many immunocompromised patients who have an increased incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders. The virus also induces smooth muscle proliferation, and those occurring following transplantation are designated as EBV-associated post-transplant smooth muscle tumors. We report multifocal miliary-sized leiomyomas in the lungs in a renal transplant recipient as an incidental finding.