Cytogenetic Profiles of 472 Indian Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the cytogenetic abnormalities of a largecohort of consecutive pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)patients, treated on a uniform protocol.Design: Review of case records.Setting: Pediatric Cancer Center of tertiary care hospital betweenJune 2003 and June 2016.Participants: 617 consecutive de novo pediatric AML patientswere screened and 472 patients were found eligible. Eligibilitycriteria included non M3 patients, successful cytogenetic profileand availability of complete recordsMain outcome measure: Cytogenetic profile.Results: Gum-hypertropy, chloromas and rate of completeremission were significantly different between EuropeanLeukemia Network classification (ELN) cytogenetic risk groups(P<0.01). t (8;21) (141, 29.8%), loss of Y chromosome (61,12.9%)and trisomy 8 (39, 8.3%) were the most common abnormalities.Among the chromosomal gains, trisomy 8 and trisomy 21 (bothP<0.01) were significantly different among the three ELN riskgroups. Among the chromosome losses, monosomy 5, 7 (bothP<0.01) and 9 (P=0.03), loss of X and loss of Y (both P<0.01)were statistically different amongst three cytogenetic risk groups.Event-free survival (P<0.01) and overall survival (P<0.01) werefound to be significantly different among the three risk groups.Conclusions: The higher frequency of t (8; 21) and its associationwith chloroma in Indian pediatric patients is different from otherstudies around the world.