Prucalopride: novel drug for chronic idiopathic constipation

ABSTRACT

Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC), defined as constipation in which the underlying cause is unknown, is a common medical illness with a profound negative impact on health-related quality of life and increased propensity for life threatening complications. Current treatment for CIC includes lifestyle modifications, over-the-counter medications, and prescription medications. Presently, the only approved, prescription products for CIC in the US are prosecretory agents. However, the current knowledge that serotonin plays an important role in colonic motility has opened new horizons in the treatment of CIC promoting use of prokinetic agents with a different mechanism of action. Prucalopride is a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist that enhances propulsive motor patterns in the large intestine due to a high affinity for 5-HT4 receptors in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. The onset of action of Prucalopride is fast, shows rapid absorption, oral bioavailability of 93% and linear pharmacokinetics. Most common adverse reactions seen are headache, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Clinical trials for Prucalopride have been positive, and results suggest that the drug may be a new safe and effective option for CIC treatment, especially for patient’s refractory to prosecretory agents. As a prescription drug for the management of constipation and given the virtual demise of other prokinetic agents for this indication, prucalopride competes primarily with another class of agents those that stimulate secretion. With Shire Pharmaceuticals having already received US FDA approval in Dec 2018, Prucalopride may soon be a new addition to the mounting armoury of drugs against CIC.