Comparative Study Of Pulmonary Function Tests With Microvascular Complications, Retinopathy And Nephropathy In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Correlation With Duration Of Diabetes

ABSTRACT

Background:Themajorintype2diabetesThough lung has been widely acknowledged to be a target organ in diabetes mellitus, its se-verity of involvement and correlation with other microvascular complications has not been studied. Aim:To study pulmonary function tests in type 2 diabetes mellitus and evaluate association of PFTs with microvascular complica-tions, retinopathy and nephropathy and further assess the relationship of retinopathy, nephropathy and lungs with duration of diabetes. Methods:A cross sectional study was carried out in 100 male type 2 diabetic patients attend-ing diabetic clinic in tertiary hospital. 100 non-diabetic subjects were selected as control from general population. PFTs tests were performed. Results were interpreted by one way ANOVA test. Association of PFT parameters FVC, FEV1, FEV1%in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy and retinopathy was analysed by Pearson’s correlation co-efficient. The patient population was subdivided according to the duration of diabetes into 2 groups; less than 10 years of illness and more than 10 years. Relationship of retinopathy, nephropathy and pulmonary function tests with duration of diabetes was assessed by one-way ANOVA test. Results:There was a significant decrease in PFT parame-ters as compared to non-diabetic controls. The PFTs in type 2 diabetic subjects with nephropathy showed decline in FVC, FEV1,FEV1%, however association of these parameters with Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and microalbuminu-ria was not significant. Also, a similar decline of PFT parameters was observed with increasing grade of retinopathy, though not significant. There was a significant positive correlation of retinopathy with microalbuminuria and GFR (nephropathy) in type 2 diabetic subjects. Also, there was significant association of microalbuminuria, GFR and reti-nopathy with increase in duration of diabetes. On the contrary the decline in FVC, FEV1, FEV1%with duration of diabe-tes was not statistically significant. Conclusion:Type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control and longer du-ration of diabetes history had significant correlation with microvascular complications, nephropathy and retinopathy as compared to pulmonary complications (PFT parameters). It is highly suggestive that diabetic patients with reti-nopathy must be screened for nephropathy.