A comparative study on vaccination default rates among children aged 9-24 months attending a static immunization clinic in urban and rural area of Bangalore

ABSTRACT

Background: Immunization contributes significantly to the achievement of millennium development goal number 4 and is one of the eight elements of primary health care. Effective utilization of immunization services is associated with reduced infections in young children with immature immune system and improved child health outcome. The objectives of the study were to compare the default rates for vaccine doses in immunization schedule; to study the factors responsible for default; to describe the socio-demographic profile of study subjects.Methods: An observational study was conducted in the urban and rural Primary health centre on immunization days for 3 months. The study subjects were children aged (9-24) months attending immunization clinics. Their care givers were interviewed regarding socio-demographic profile and causes for default. Sample size calculated was 184 (92) each from urban and rural clinic).Results: Among 184 care givers interviewed, mean age of study subjects was 14.9±4.6 months in urban & 14.6±4.9 months in rural clinic. Default rates for vaccination were 5.4% (birth dose), 7.6% (6th wk.) both in urban & rural clinic. However, for further doses i.e., 10th week, 14th week, 9 months and 18 months the default rates were slightly higher in rural compared to urban clinic. Commonest reason for default was mother not aware that child had missed dose (urban 52.2% and rural 42.3%) followed by child being sick (urban 26.6% and rural 30.4%).Conclusions: The overall default rate was found to be very high which is a serious concern and need to be addressed in order to prevent eventual dropouts.