A Prospective Study of Clinical Profile, Predisposing Factors and Management of Deep Venous Thrombosis

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbsis one of the most common cause for the majority of deathscaused by pulmonary embolism. Deep vein thrombosis is theformation of blood clots in the deep veins which commonlyaffects the leg veins such as the calf veins, femoral vein, orpopliteal vein or veins of the pelvis. The aim of the studywas to evaluate clinical profile of patients in form of age,sex, etiological factors of deep venous thrombosis in ourinstitute. Also study risk the factors in patients of deep venousthrombosis.Material and Methods: Study was a prospective studywhich was conducted on 108 symptomatic patients of deepvein thrombosis which were proved by colour dopplerultrasonography. All patients who were more than 18 years ofage and either sex were taken into study.Results: In our study 37.03% of the patients were malesand 62,97% were females with majority belonging to 21-30 years of age group (33.82%). In this study the youngestpatient was 20 years old female and the oldest patient was96 years old female. Male Female ratio was 11.7. The leastcommon age group affected is extreme of age i.e. ≥ 20 yearsand > 60 years of age in both sexes. The most common limbaffected is left lower limb 62 patients (57.40) and right limbinvolvement is seen in 39.81% of patients. Bilateral lowerlimb DVT is present in two patients and one patient was upperlimb DVT. Predisposing factors associated with thrombosisin deep veins maximally seen in 46 patients in 42.59% due tounknown cause. Pregnancy and post-partum was the secondmost common predisposing factor associated with DVTwhich is seen in 33 patients in 30.55%. Thrombosis due toorthopaedic trauma is seen eight patients only. Chronic illnessand malignancy was present in 19.44% of patients.Conclusion: It is very important for accurate diagnosis ofDVT to prevent potentially fatal complications like pulmonaryembolism (PE) and pulmonary hypertension. Also it is veryimportant to avoid anticoagulants therapy with associated riskof bleeding in patients of misdiagnosed and negative colourdoppler findings. Because clinical features are nonspecific;hence new strategies were evolved for diagnosing thiscondition.