Effects of Gestational Diabetes and Other Metabolic Syndromes on Stemness Properties of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells

ABSTRACT

Stem cells are an auspicious contrivance for different therapeutic intermediation. Their inimitable properties include self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation. These properties have enticed the attention and consideration of researchers and worldwide physicians to use these properties in treatment of different diseases. Stem cells can be classified as embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells and adult stem cells, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or mesenchymal stromal cells are myofibroblast-like cells, can be derived from different sources like bone marrow, adipose tissue, dental pulp, amniotic fluid, Wharton’s jelly, umbilical cord blood, and cord tissue. Literature reports that Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other metabolic syndromes have an effect on cellular and transcriptomic processes of stem cells derived from different sources. The effect can be in the form of alteration in proliferation, differentiation and many other properties of MSCs. Current investigation shows metabolic disorders are not only responsible for genetic problems and certain disease risk factors in adult life but also have adverse effects on perinatal environment. Keeping all these factors in mind the purpose of this review would be beneficial to all those who would like to explore how the stem cells are affected from perinatal environment problems, like gestational diabetes, Type 2 diabetes preeclampsia and many more. The most important factor is that this can provide insight on utilization of stem cells after conditioning and later can be used in regenerative medicine.