Patho-physiological evaluation of Duranta erecta for the treatment of urolithiasis

ABSTRACT

Background: Urolithiasis is the third common disorder of the urinary system affecting 10e15% of thegeneral population. In recent years, search for new antilithiatic drugs from natural sources has assumedgreater importance.Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the anti-urolithiatic activity of methanolic extract ofDuranta erecta leaves by in vitro and in vivo analysis.Materials and methods: The study was designed to determine presence of phytochemicals in D. erecta, itsyield in percentage, antioxidant activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and anti-microbial property against few bacteria. In vitro analysis was carried out study anti-urolithiatic property ofD. erecta by nucleation assay and synthetic urine assay for inhibition of calcium oxalate and calciumoxalate monohydrate crystals formation. An in vivo experiment was performed on Wistar rats forconfirmation of anti-urolithiatic property of D. erecta in animal model.Results: D. erecta has the presence of primary and secondary metabolites like glycoside, saponins, sterols,flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates and proteins. Methanolic extract of D. erecta gave avery good yield (60%). D. erecta proved its antioxidant potential by 93.51% inhibition of DPPH radical at aconcentration of 1000 mg/mL where ascorbic showed 94.71% of DPPH radical at the same concentration.In vitro tests like nucleation assay and synthetic urine assay showed that D. erecta inhibits formation ofcalcium oxalate and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. It also showed the anti-microbial property byformation of zone of inhibition against few bacteria. An in vivo experiment on Wistar rat animal modelconfirmed the anti-urolithiatic property of D. erecta L. leaves extract.Conclusions: Based on the results, we reported that D. erecta may treat calcium oxalate crystal depositionin the kidney by preventing hyperoxaluria-induced peroxidative damage to the renal tubular membranesurface (lipid peroxidation). It has anti-microbial potential so it may also inhibit the secondary bacterialinfection in kidney. Based on the data, it can be concluded that this herb can be used as a potential antiurolithiasis agent for kidney stone removal.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).