Biochemical and antioxidant alterations in fresh water bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis exposed to malachite green dye

ABSTRACT

Aim: To determine acute toxicity (96 hrs) of malachite green for Lamellidens marginalis and to assess it’s biochemical consequences and antioxidant response against control. Methodology: Fresh water bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis were collected from Rajaram tank, Kolhapur and acclimatized for 7 days. To ascertain the acute effect (96 hrs) of malachite green dye, static bioassay was conducted at 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 ppm on fresh water bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis. The rate of mortality was recorded and LC0 and LC50 values for 96 hrs were calculated. Estimation of biomolecules like protein, glycogen and lipid and antioxidant activity in different tissues of the organism was estimated. Results: The LC0 and LC50 values were determined by static bioassay method. The effects of LC0 and LC50 concentrations of MG were evaluated by examining the biochemical profile and antioxidant response against control in different tissues like gill, mantle, hepatopancreas and gonad. The maximum significant decrease in glycogen (-29%) (-40.86) and protein (-31.73%) (-43.63%) content was observed in gills at both the concentrations LC0 and LC50 respectively as compared to other tissues. There was highly significant depletion in protein content of all the tissues. Lipid content in all tissues at LC0 concentration showed moderately significant depletion (p <0.01), while at LC50 concentration highly significant depletion (p< 0.001) was recorded. From SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes, SOD enzyme activity increased significantly (p < 0.001) in all tissues at LC50 concentration. Gill and heptopancreas showed significant increase in antioxidant enzymes response at both, LC0 and LC50 groups. Interpretation: Malachite dye induces toxicity, by lowering biochemical content and inducing antioxidant enzyme activity.