Neuroprotective Activity of Protocatechuic Acid (3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid) to Treat Parkinson s Disease

ABSTRACT

The present study was designed to explore the possible neuroprotective role of protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) against rotenone induced locomotor, oxidative and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. We also wanted to evaluate its ability to prevent neuronal degeneration in rotenone intoxicated mice. MethodsThirty mice, Albino strain, between 20 – 25 g, were included in the study. Group 1 is control group. It received sunflower oil 0.1 mL subcutaneously for two weeks. Group 2 received rotenone (1 mg / Kg) S.C. Group 3 also received rotenone (1 mg / Kg / day) S.C. in sunflower oil alternatively and Protocatechuic acid 10 mg / Kg B.W. P.O. for 2 weeks. Group 4 and 5 received rotenone as same in group 2 and Protocatechuic acid (25 mg / Kg) and (50 mg / Kg) B.W. P.O. After the finish of trial, open field test, stride length measurement, catalepsy, forced swim test, sucrose preference test and elevated plus maze test were conducted. ResultsExposure to Rotenone in mice led to reduction in peripheral and central movements. Pre-treatment with protocatechuic acid prior to rotenone exposure was able to maintain the both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. However, protocatechuic acid was effective in the maintenance of dopaminergic and nondopaminergic pathways. ConclusionsThis study strengthens the fact that the protocatechuic acid in rotenone-affected areas might offer neuroprotection.