Acute Kidney Injury in Dengue Fever: A One-year Hospital-based Prospective Cross-sectional Study

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives: Dengue fever is amongst the most cardinal arthropod-borne infection among humans. Around the world, an estimated 2.5 billion individuals are at peril of infection, of which approximately 975 million reside in urban areas of tropical and subtropical nations like Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and surprisingly Americas. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is so far not a well-studied dengue complication. The renal abnormalities, though not common, are AKI, proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, and hemolytic uraemic syndrome, which are considered complications of the disease. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of AKI in DF and find out the predictors of the development of AKI in patients with DI. Methodology: This one-year hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of General Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala from March 2020 to April 2021. A total of 120 eligible patients with DI were enrolled. These patients were evaluated for AKI based on acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria. Results: The majority of the patients were males 57.5% and the male to female ratio was 1.351. Most of the patients were aged between 31 and 50 years (40.8%) and the mean age was 42.23 ± 16.28 years. The majority of the patients (72.5%) had DF, 13.3% of the patients had dengue fever with warning signs and 14.2% of the patients had severe dengue. The prevalence of AKI was 27.5% in patients with dengue fever. Other than AKI, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (11.7%), Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) (3.3%), and sepsis (0.8%) were the complications noted. The majority of the patients (83.3%) improved and were discharged and mortality was noted in 16.7% of the patients. Also, significant differences were noted in patients with and without AKI.