Evolution of Biomarkers for Frailty over the Last Decade : A Literature Review

Aging is a Complex Physiological Process which involves remodeling of cellular components and processes, decline of functional reserve, adaptation of the body to these changes and finally senescence. An important concept in ageing physiology is Frailty which is a physiological, age-related condition characterized by a decrease in functional reserve across multiple organ systems. The phenotype of physical frailty has five components, that is, slowness, weakness, low physical activity level, unintentional weight loss and exhaustion It is crucial to mention “Inflammaging”, a term that signifies the development of an age-related inflammation in the body wherein there is an increase in acute phase reactants and pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing independently to the pathogenesis of frailty. Inflammaging has been proposed to be associated with frailty and many studies suggest the existence of a relationship between age-related Frailty and inflammatory Biomarkers. The aim of this review is to study the evolution of our understanding of the role of inflammatory markers in development of Frailty in the older population.