Echocardiographic evaluation of the left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction in male patients

ABSTRACT

Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate LV functions (systolic and diastolic) and potential complications by M-mode echocardiography in patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to observe determinants of the left ventricular functions using echocardiography in female AMI cases. Materials and Methods: The present research was done after taking permission from Institutional Ethics Committee and consent was taken from all subjects. A case–control study was conducted with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched 40 normal female healthy controls and 75 cases of AMI were subjected for general examination/history taking and demographic profile assessment. Echocardiographically detailed left ventricular functional indices were evaluated over mitral annulus. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The major sites of myocardial infarction (MI) were anteroseptal (54.6%), inferior wall (40%), and posterior/lateral wall (4%) in the cases. The baseline and functional parameters were compared and analyzed. Both the study groups were having BMI in overweight area. Hemodynamic parameters were showing statistically significant difference and the AMI cases having lower values. Hemodynamic parameters heart rates (P = 0.002) were significant, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were highly significant (P < 0.001). Further, (P < 0.001) statically significant difference was present in stroke volume, cardiac output, and CI with lower values in MI cases as compared to healthy subjects. The reduced ejection fraction and reduced FFS were observed in the cases which were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Further, there was elevation in ESS and EISS which was statistically significant (P < 0.001) in AMI cases. There was decrease in E (P < 0.001), elevation in A (P <0.001) and reduction in E/A ratio (P < 0.001) which was statistically significant, in AMI patients as compared to healthy subjects in this study. Conclusion: In AMI patients, the LV function is affected and was reduced. Echocardiographic assessment of patients of AMI gives us prognosis of cases which allows us to reduce risks and start treatment to decrease morbidity and mortality. Although researches are to be done to observe the nature of LV, it is treated with stress in physiology and pharmacology.