Prognostic significance of p16, VEGF, and p53 expression patterns, Krouse stage, and smoking status in sinonasal inverted papillomas

ABSTRACT

Aim: The aim of our study is to analyze the staining models for VEGF, p16, and p53, as well as to understand the biology of inverted papilloma caused by smoking. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one cases, diagnosed with sinonasal inverted papilloma between 2015 and 2019, were included. Demographic data such as age and gender, admission symptoms of the patients, and anatomical location, stage, surgical technique, and recurrence information were obtained from clinical follow-up files. Immunohistochemical staining for p16, VEGF, and p53 were performed on patient materials. Results: In our study, the female to male ratio was 9.33 with an average age of 53.137 ± 13.96 years. Of the patients, 17 were nonsmokers and 14 were smokers. No significant relationship was found between smoking status and relapse and dysplasia. In contrast, a significant relationship between the Krouse stage and dysplasia (P = 0.005) was observed. A similar significant relationship was observed between p16 immunohistochemical expression and dysplasia (P = 0.030). On the other hand, VEGF and p53 immunohistochemical expressions were not significantly related with dysplasia and recurrence. Conclusions: Inverted papillomas are benign tumors that clinically give symptoms similar to nasal polyps. However, recurrence and malignant transformation potential exist and the factors causing this risk are not clearly identified. In our study, no malignant transformation was observed in patients who were admitted to our hospital.